1994 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
CYTOGENETICS ON CHROMOSOMAL HOMOEOLOGY AMONG FOUR GENOMES OF COMMON WHEAT AND BARLEY
| Project/Area Number |
05660004
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
Breeding science
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| Research Institution | GIFU UNIVERSITY |
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Principal Investigator |
FURUTA Yoshihiko GIFU UNIVERSITY,FUCULTY OF AGRICULTURE,PROFESSOR, 農学部, 教授 (20021719)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1993 – 1994
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| Keywords | Wheat / Barley / Chromosome / Compensation / Homoeology |
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| Research Abstract |
Six characters, number of tillers, plant height, spike length, number of spikes and fertility and 100 grain's weight of seed in aneuploids belonging to homoeologous groups 3,6 and 7 of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and addition or substitution lines of barley chromosomes 3H,6H and 7H were quantitatively compared in two years, 1993 and 1994.
Nullisomics 3A and 3B showed about half values of those of characters in disomics, but all nulli-tetrasomics and wheat-barley substitution lines of groups 3 were well compensated by tetrasomy of wheat and barley chromosomes, respectively. Two out of twelve nulli-ditelotetrasomics of group 3 were produced and useful material for evaluation of homoeologous compensation at chromosome arm level. The remaining ten lines will be produced in near future. As in groups 3, compensation ability of chromosomes belonging to groups 6 and 7 were also very high. This high compensation among four genomes of wheat and barley is very interesting, because phylogenetically these two crops are not so close each other and has been dealed completely distinct materials in cytogenetical study, resulting from no hybrid seed without embryo rescue or gibberellic acid treatment after pollination by barley pollen. The present study indicates that chromosomes of A,B and D genomes of common wheat and also H genome of barley are genetically very similar to each other at chromosome level, suggesting possibility of transfer of useful gene (s) from barley to wheat chromosome. Unfortunately RFLP analysis could not carried out. But the analysis will be done in a couple years.
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