1993 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

生体機能の統合的研究

Research Project

Project/Area Number	05NP0101
Research Institution	Okazaki National Research Institutes
Principal Investigator	江橋節郎岡崎国立共同研究機構, 生理学研究所, 名誉教授 (10009863)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	山岸俊一岡崎国立共同研究機構, 生理学研究所, 教授 (70014032) 本郷利憲東京都神経科学総合研究所, 所長 (60013843) 大森治紀京都大学, 医学部, 教授 (30126015) 丹治順東北大学, 医学部, 教授 (10001885) 佐々木和夫岡崎国立共同研究機構, 生理学研究所, 教授 (20025539)
Keywords	生体機能 / 高次脳機能 / 非侵襲的アプローチ / 行動制御 / 神経回路 / 感覚機能 / 認知機能 / 脳磁図(MEG)
Research Abstract	創成的基礎研究「生体機能の統合的研究」は新プログラム“生体における動的機構の解明"の研究班として脳機能を中心とする生体の働きの解明を目指し、総括班および3つの研究班による4年目の研究活動を展開した。総括班は平成5年度の研究方針を討議し、設備配置を進め、研究遂行を支援した。また国際シンポジウム「神経細胞、神経回路と行動制御機構」(平成6年1月)および研究報告会(平成6年2月)を主催した。更に、研究成果の公表と広報活動を進めた。研究第1班「脳の高次機能の非侵襲的アプローチ」班(佐々木和夫班長)は主にヒトの脳の高次の活動を研究の対象に各班員は国際共同研究を含む活発な研究活動を進めるとともに生理学研究所の生体磁気計測装置を駆使して共同研究を展開し多くの成果を得た。即ち、暗算、思考過程の知的精神活動は前頭連合野の広い領野における5〜7H_zのtheta波活動と密接に関連しており、また運動性言語機能は左右の前頭連合野の活動と関連している(佐々木)、日本語音声がそれぞれ一次聴覚野内10mm^3中の神経活動として同定された(栗城)、レーザー光皮膚刺激や正中神経電気刺激による誘発脳磁場の研究が進んだ(柿木)、随意運動に関連する脳磁場等の計測により運動準備状態の左右の運動野における機能的役割の差異の検出(柴崎)、MRIによる脳内微細構造の研究(亘)、また運動系の準備状態において脳内視覚的空間マップ上での活性化の必要、および空間的位置を同定して対象の特徴を分析する機能の心理物理学的解明(下條)等の新しい成果が得られた。研究第2班「行動制御による高次脳機能の研究」班(丹治順班長)では霊長類をはじめ高等動物を対象とする新たな局面への研究展開が一段と進んだ。そして運動発現と制御に関する脳の多領野の機能特性、学習メカニズムとそれに関与する生理活性物質およびリセプターの働きが明らかにされた。視覚性到達運動に関与する運動連合野のGABAaとGABAbの働き(久保田)、到達運動の学習に皮膚神経入力が関与すること(本郷)、頭頂連合野の手操作運動制御の際の三次元物体短期記憶に関与する細胞の発見(酒田)、手続き的学習の成立とその記憶の神経機構を支える大脳基底核の役割(彦坂)、運動の学習過程に関する大脳基底核黒質線状体ドーパミン系の役割(木村)、摂食、飲水行動に促進的に働くドーパミンD_2受容体の役割(粟生)、海馬体における場所ニューロンの活動様式(福田)、熟練手指運動に関与する体性感覚野細胞の活動(入来)、脳幹による運動と姿勢の制御機構の機能と形態両面の解析(森)、大脳一次運動野に入力する補足運動野と一次体性感覚野のグルタミン酸受容体の関与(丹治)等の研究が進んだ。研究第3班「高次脳活動の基礎としての神経回路の働きの研究」班(大森治紀班長)は積極的にin vitro標本を開拓し、神経細胞、シナプスあるいは遺伝子のレベルで高次の脳機能の基礎を明らかにすることを目指した。海馬神経細胞の伝達物質放出制御にはCa^<2+>のほかSr^<2+>、Ba^<2+>も関与しうること(山本)、聴覚・前庭覚の有毛細胞求心性シナプス伝達にはグルタミン酸関与の可能性が高いこと(大森)、代謝調節型グルタミン酸受容体の活性化は共役系連鎖によりフォスフォリパーゼC活性化にも抑制にも働きうること(杉山)、小脳プルキニェ細胞への顆粒細胞シナプス伝達の長期抑圧には1型の代謝調節型グルタミン酸受容体が寄与すること(平野)、神経細胞の活動に伴うチロシン水酸化酸素発現遺伝子調節機構の存在の確認(小幡)、視神経軸索の再生過程(福田)、そして小脳核神経細胞からの軸索投射(村上)や外側膝状体から大脳皮質への軸索投射(外山)への誘導・調節因子の存在の有力な示唆、など多くの研究に進展が見られた。

Research Products

(24 results)

All Other

All Publications (24 results)

[Publications] Sasaki K,Gemba H,Nambu A,& Matsuzaki R: "No-go activity inthe frontal association cortex of human subjects." Neuroscience Resarch. 18. 249-252 (1993)
[Publications] Watari H & Yoshida T: "Metabolic consequences of repeated exercise in long distance runners." European Journal of Applied Physiology. 67. 261-265 (1993)
[Publications] Shibasaki H,Sadato N,Lyshkow H et al: "Both primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area play an important role in complex finger movement." Brain. 116. 1387-1398 (1993)
[Publications] Kuriki S & Murakami S,Fukatu R & Takehata N: "Magnetic field responses to visual stimulation in human parietal association cortex." Neuroscience Research. 16. 225-228 (1993)
[Publications] Kakigi R et al: "Physiological study of the spinnothalamic tract in multiple sclerosis." Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 107. 205-209 (1992)
[Publications] Shimojo S,Hikosaka O & Miyauchi S: "Focal visual attention produces illusory temporal order and motion sensation." Vision Research. 9. 1219-1240 (1993)
[Publications] Tanji J,Halsband U,Ito M & Freund H -J: "The role of premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area in the temporalcontrol of movement in man." Brain. 116. 243-266 (1993)
[Publications] Kubota K: "Learning of a hiding task and a delayed response task in infant rhesus monkeys." Neuroscience Research. 18(4), (In press). (In press) (1994)
[Publications] Hongo T,Kitazawa S,Ohki Y,Sasaki M & Xi M: "Candidate premotor neurons of skin reflex pathways to T1 forelimb motoneurones of the cat." Experimental Brain Research. 95. 291-307 (1993)
[Publications] Hikosaka O,Miyauchi S & Shimojo S: "Visual attention revealed by an illusion of motion." Neuroscience Research. 18. 11-18 (1993)
[Publications] Kimura M: "Neurophysiological aspects of the differential role of the putamen and caudate nucleus in voluntary movement." Adv.Neurol.60. 62-70 (1993)
[Publications] Aus S,Ma J,Shiramine K & Hori T: "The stomach is the etiologic organ for immobilization-induced hypocalcemia in rats." American Journal of Physiology. 265. R1376-R1379 (1993)
[Publications] Iriki A,Nozaki S & Nakamura Y: "Trigeminal premotor neurons in the bulbar parvocellular reticular formation participating in induction of rhythmical activity of trigeminal motoneurons by repetitive stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the guinea pig." Journal of Neurophysiology. 69. 595-608 (1993)
[Publications] Mori S,Takakusaki K,Kohyama J & Matsuyama K: "Synaptic machanisms acting on lumbar motoneurons during postural augmentation induced by serotonin injection into the rostral pontine reticular formation in decerebrate cats." Experimental Brain Research. 93. 471-482 (1993)
[Publications] Ohmori & Yamaguchi K: "Suppression of the slow K^+current by cholinergic agonists in cultured cochlear ganglion neurones." Journal of Physiology. 464. 213-228 (1993)
[Publications] Yamamoto C,Sawada S & Ohno-Shosaku T: "Quantal analysis of modulating action of adenosine on the mossy fiber synapse in hippocampal slices." Hippocampus. 3. 87-92 (1993)
[Publications] Sugiyama H,Nakamura K & Nukada T: "Mode of interactions between meraborropic glutamate receptors and G proteins in Xenopus ooctye." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 707. 515-518 (1993)
[Publications] Toyama K,Kurotani T & Yamamoto N: "Development of neural connections between visual cortex and transplanted lateral geniculate nucleus in rats." Developmental Brain Research. 71. 151-168 (1993)
[Publications] Fukuda Y,Watanabe M & Sawai H: "Number, distribution and morphologyof retinal ganglion cells that regenerated into peripheral nerve graft in adult cats." Journal of Neuroscience. 13(5). 2105-2117 (1993)
[Publications] Obata K,Kojima N & Shirao T: "Molecular cloning of a developmentally regulated brain protein,chicken drebrin A and its expression by altemative splicing of the drebrin gene." Mol.Brain Research. 19. 101-114 (1993)
[Publications] Murakami F,Tada Y,Katsumaru H,Kudo J & Fujita S C: "Electron microscopic localization and expression on cultured calls of a novel surface-associated molecule in the rat central nervous system." Neuroscience. 52. 689-697 (1993)
[Publications] Hirano T & Kasono K: "Spatial distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synapses on a Purkinje cell in a rat cerebellar culture." Journal of Neurophysiology. 70. 1316-1325 (1993)
[Publications] Murata A,Gallese V,Kaseda M & Sakata H: "Delayed hand manipulation task related neurons in monkey parietal cortex" Neuroscience Research. 18. s225- (1993)
[Publications] Fukuda M & Ono T: "Amygdala-hypothalamic vontrol of feeding behavior in monkey:single cell responses before and after reversible blockade of temporal cortex or amygdala projections" Behav,Brain Research. 55. 233-241 (1993)

1993 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

生体機能の統合的研究

Principal Investigator

江橋 節郎 岡崎国立共同研究機構, 生理学研究所, 名誉教授 (10009863)

Research Products

[Publications] Sasaki K,Gemba H,Nambu A,& Matsuzaki R: "No-go activity inthe frontal association cortex of human subjects." Neuroscience Resarch. 18. 249-252 (1993)

[Publications] Watari H & Yoshida T: "Metabolic consequences of repeated exercise in long distance runners." European Journal of Applied Physiology. 67. 261-265 (1993)

[Publications] Shibasaki H,Sadato N,Lyshkow H et al: "Both primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area play an important role in complex finger movement." Brain. 116. 1387-1398 (1993)

[Publications] Kuriki S & Murakami S,Fukatu R & Takehata N: "Magnetic field responses to visual stimulation in human parietal association cortex." Neuroscience Research. 16. 225-228 (1993)

[Publications] Kakigi R et al: "Physiological study of the spinnothalamic tract in multiple sclerosis." Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 107. 205-209 (1992)

[Publications] Shimojo S,Hikosaka O & Miyauchi S: "Focal visual attention produces illusory temporal order and motion sensation." Vision Research. 9. 1219-1240 (1993)

[Publications] Tanji J,Halsband U,Ito M & Freund H -J: "The role of premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area in the temporalcontrol of movement in man." Brain. 116. 243-266 (1993)

[Publications] Kubota K: "Learning of a hiding task and a delayed response task in infant rhesus monkeys." Neuroscience Research. 18(4), (In press). (In press) (1994)

[Publications] Hongo T,Kitazawa S,Ohki Y,Sasaki M & Xi M: "Candidate premotor neurons of skin reflex pathways to T1 forelimb motoneurones of the cat." Experimental Brain Research. 95. 291-307 (1993)

[Publications] Hikosaka O,Miyauchi S & Shimojo S: "Visual attention revealed by an illusion of motion." Neuroscience Research. 18. 11-18 (1993)

[Publications] Kimura M: "Neurophysiological aspects of the differential role of the putamen and caudate nucleus in voluntary movement." Adv.Neurol.60. 62-70 (1993)

[Publications] Aus S,Ma J,Shiramine K & Hori T: "The stomach is the etiologic organ for immobilization-induced hypocalcemia in rats." American Journal of Physiology. 265. R1376-R1379 (1993)

[Publications] Mori S,Takakusaki K,Kohyama J & Matsuyama K: "Synaptic machanisms acting on lumbar motoneurons during postural augmentation induced by serotonin injection into the rostral pontine reticular formation in decerebrate cats." Experimental Brain Research. 93. 471-482 (1993)

[Publications] Ohmori & Yamaguchi K: "Suppression of the slow K^+current by cholinergic agonists in cultured cochlear ganglion neurones." Journal of Physiology. 464. 213-228 (1993)

[Publications] Yamamoto C,Sawada S & Ohno-Shosaku T: "Quantal analysis of modulating action of adenosine on the mossy fiber synapse in hippocampal slices." Hippocampus. 3. 87-92 (1993)

[Publications] Sugiyama H,Nakamura K & Nukada T: "Mode of interactions between meraborropic glutamate receptors and G proteins in Xenopus ooctye." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 707. 515-518 (1993)

[Publications] Toyama K,Kurotani T & Yamamoto N: "Development of neural connections between visual cortex and transplanted lateral geniculate nucleus in rats." Developmental Brain Research. 71. 151-168 (1993)

[Publications] Fukuda Y,Watanabe M & Sawai H: "Number, distribution and morphologyof retinal ganglion cells that regenerated into peripheral nerve graft in adult cats." Journal of Neuroscience. 13(5). 2105-2117 (1993)

[Publications] Obata K,Kojima N & Shirao T: "Molecular cloning of a developmentally regulated brain protein,chicken drebrin A and its expression by altemative splicing of the drebrin gene." Mol.Brain Research. 19. 101-114 (1993)

[Publications] Murakami F,Tada Y,Katsumaru H,Kudo J & Fujita S C: "Electron microscopic localization and expression on cultured calls of a novel surface-associated molecule in the rat central nervous system." Neuroscience. 52. 689-697 (1993)

[Publications] Hirano T & Kasono K: "Spatial distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synapses on a Purkinje cell in a rat cerebellar culture." Journal of Neurophysiology. 70. 1316-1325 (1993)

[Publications] Murata A,Gallese V,Kaseda M & Sakata H: "Delayed hand manipulation task related neurons in monkey parietal cortex" Neuroscience Research. 18. s225- (1993)

[Publications] Fukuda M & Ono T: "Amygdala-hypothalamic vontrol of feeding behavior in monkey:single cell responses before and after reversible blockade of temporal cortex or amygdala projections" Behav,Brain Research. 55. 233-241 (1993)

江橋節郎岡崎国立共同研究機構, 生理学研究所, 名誉教授 (10009863)