1995 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

細胞質遺伝の分子細胞機構に関する研究

Research Project

Project/Area Number	06101002
Research Institution	The University of Tokyo
Principal Investigator	黒岩常祥東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (50033353)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	高野博嘉東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 助手 (70242104) 内田英伸筑波大学, 生物科学系, 助手 (00261769) 河野重行東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 助教授 (70161338)
Keywords	母性遺伝 / 両性遺伝 / オルガネラの雌雄性 / オルガネラ核 / 雄由来葉緑体核の選択的消化 / オルガネラの融合 / クラミドモナス / 真正粘菌
Research Abstract	本研究の目的は,以下の4つの現象を細胞質遺伝として統括し,分子細胞学的方法に加え超マイクロダイセクション装置を用いて,細胞と分子のレベルで解明することである。本年度の研究実績を以下に示す.1.無性生殖生物の細胞質遺伝の機構の解析:原始紅藻シアニゾシゾンのミトコンドリアゲノムの全塩基配列(32kbp)を決定し,ミトコンドリアの分裂装置が細胞核に支配されていることを示した。また,分裂装置のタンパク質はゴルジ体とマイクロボディよって分裂面表層に運搬され,ここで微細繊維の束である分裂リングを構築することを明らかにした.2.母性遺伝の分子機構の解析:単細胞緑藻クラミドモナスの接合直後に発現する遺伝子群(zys)の構造と機能を解析し,zys1A,1Bが互いに連鎖しており,これらの遺伝子産物が雄由来オルガネラDNAの選択的分解と密接に関係していることを明らかにした.また,zys3,4遺伝子に関しても遺伝子の構造を決め,抗体を作製した.3.両性遺伝の分子細胞機構:両性遺伝型植物ゼラニウムを用いて,細胞質遺伝には卵成熟過程におけるオルガネラDNAの選択的増幅が重要な役割を果たしていることを明らかにした.また,超マイクロダイセクション装置の改良を行ない,従来のマイクロダイセクションの分解能を10倍以上高めるとともに,光ピンセット装置でミトコンドリアを分離し,それらを一つずつ並べて文字を描くことにも成功した.4.オルガネラの雌雄性の分子細胞機構の解析:真正粘菌フィサルムのミトコンドリア融合と遺伝子組換えを誘導するプラスミドがDNA,RNAポリメラーゼ遺伝子を持つことを明らかにした.また,ミトコンドリア融合現象を1個のアメーバ細胞のレベルで追跡するPCR法を用いた実験系を開発し,ミトコンドリアの片親遺伝と両性遺伝が切り替わる現象を見いだした.これによって,両性遺伝の際にミトコンドリアゲノム同士がプラスミドの関与によって組換わることを明らかにした.

Research Products
(13 results)

All Other

All Publications (13 results)

[Publications] M.Fujie: "Changes in Cytoplasmic rRNA Density in the Root Apical Meristem Observed by High Resolution in situ Hybridization" Cytologia. 60. 149-158 (1995)
[Publications] M.Hayashi: "Evidence for Commitment of Flowers on the Mother Plant to Floral Regeneration in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv" J.Plant Res.108. 107-110 (1995)
[Publications] S.Kawano: "Sexuality of Mitochondria:Fusion,Recombination and Plasmids" Int.Rev.Cytol.161. 49-110 (1995)
[Publications] T.Kawazu: "Distribution of the Golgi Apparatus in the Mitosis of Cultured Tobacco Cells as Revealed by DiOC_6 Fluorescence Microscopy" Protoplasma. 186. 183-192 (1995)
[Publications] T.Kuroiwa: "Mitochondria-Dividing Ring: Ultrastructural Basis for the Mechanism of Mitochonrial Division in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Protoplasma. 186. 12-23 (1995)
[Publications] I.Miyakawa: "The Possible Role of DNA-Binding Proteins in the Assembly in vitro of Yeast Mitochondrial Nucleoids" Plant Cell Physiol.36. 1179-1188 (1995)
[Publications] T.Miyake: "Differential Mechanisms of Movement between a Generative Cell and a Vegetative Nucleus in Pollen Tubes of Nicotiana tabacum as Revealed by Additions of Colchicine and Nonanoic Acid" Sex.Plant Reprod.8. 228-230 (1995)
[Publications] H.Nozaki: "Phylogenetic Relationship within the Colonial Volvocales(Chlorophyta)Inferred from rbcL Gene Sequence Data" J.Phycol.31. 970-979 (1995)
[Publications] V.Zachleder: "The Course of Chloroplast DNA Replication and its Relationship to Other Reproductive Processes in the Chloroplast.and Nucleocytoplasmic Compartment during the Cell Cycle of the Alga Scenedesmus quadricauda" Protoplasma. 188. 245-251 (1995)
[Publications] H.Kuroiwa: "Studies on the Development and Three-Dimensional Rexonstruction of Giant Mitochondria and their Nuclei in Egg Cells of Pelargonium zonale Ait" Protoplasma. (in press). (1996)
[Publications] T.Kuroiwa: "Ogranelle Division and Cytoplasmic Inheritance:Origin and Basis of the Transmission of Organelle Gensomes" BioScience. (in press). (1996)
[Publications] K.Okuwaki: "Ultrastructure of Golgi Body and Cell Surface in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Cytologia. (in press). (1996)
[Publications] H.Takano: "Rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial fusion-promoting plasmid(mF)are associated with defective mitochondrial fusion in Physarum polycephalum" Curr.Genet.in press. (1996)

1995 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

細胞質遺伝の分子細胞機構に関する研究

Principal Investigator

黒岩 常祥 東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (50033353)

Research Products

[Publications] M.Fujie: "Changes in Cytoplasmic rRNA Density in the Root Apical Meristem Observed by High Resolution in situ Hybridization" Cytologia. 60. 149-158 (1995)

[Publications] M.Hayashi: "Evidence for Commitment of Flowers on the Mother Plant to Floral Regeneration in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv" J.Plant Res.108. 107-110 (1995)

[Publications] S.Kawano: "Sexuality of Mitochondria:Fusion,Recombination and Plasmids" Int.Rev.Cytol.161. 49-110 (1995)

[Publications] T.Kawazu: "Distribution of the Golgi Apparatus in the Mitosis of Cultured Tobacco Cells as Revealed by DiOC_6 Fluorescence Microscopy" Protoplasma. 186. 183-192 (1995)

[Publications] T.Kuroiwa: "Mitochondria-Dividing Ring: Ultrastructural Basis for the Mechanism of Mitochonrial Division in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Protoplasma. 186. 12-23 (1995)

[Publications] I.Miyakawa: "The Possible Role of DNA-Binding Proteins in the Assembly in vitro of Yeast Mitochondrial Nucleoids" Plant Cell Physiol.36. 1179-1188 (1995)

[Publications] T.Miyake: "Differential Mechanisms of Movement between a Generative Cell and a Vegetative Nucleus in Pollen Tubes of Nicotiana tabacum as Revealed by Additions of Colchicine and Nonanoic Acid" Sex.Plant Reprod.8. 228-230 (1995)

[Publications] H.Nozaki: "Phylogenetic Relationship within the Colonial Volvocales(Chlorophyta)Inferred from rbcL Gene Sequence Data" J.Phycol.31. 970-979 (1995)

[Publications] V.Zachleder: "The Course of Chloroplast DNA Replication and its Relationship to Other Reproductive Processes in the Chloroplast.and Nucleocytoplasmic Compartment during the Cell Cycle of the Alga Scenedesmus quadricauda" Protoplasma. 188. 245-251 (1995)

[Publications] H.Kuroiwa: "Studies on the Development and Three-Dimensional Rexonstruction of Giant Mitochondria and their Nuclei in Egg Cells of Pelargonium zonale Ait" Protoplasma. (in press). (1996)

[Publications] T.Kuroiwa: "Ogranelle Division and Cytoplasmic Inheritance:Origin and Basis of the Transmission of Organelle Gensomes" BioScience. (in press). (1996)

[Publications] K.Okuwaki: "Ultrastructure of Golgi Body and Cell Surface in Cyanidioschyzon merolae" Cytologia. (in press). (1996)

[Publications] H.Takano: "Rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial fusion-promoting plasmid(mF)are associated with defective mitochondrial fusion in Physarum polycephalum" Curr.Genet.in press. (1996)

黒岩常祥東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (50033353)