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1996 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

The role of exoskeleton in insect defense

Research Project

Project/Area Number 06454023
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field 動物生理・代謝
Research InstitutionHOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY

Principal Investigator

ASHIDA Masaaki  Hokkaido Univ., The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Prof., 低温科学研究所, 教授 (50012422)

Project Period (FY) 1994 – 1996
Keywordsprophenol oxidase / cuticle / protease / cascade / insect / sclerotization / lipopolysacharid / exoskeleton
Research Abstract

Insect exoskeleton has often been considered to be a barrier physically protecting internal tissues from the aggression of microbes and parasitoids and from mechanical injury. We previously demonstrated that insect exoskeleton (integument, including cuticle and epidermal cells) engaged in defense not only by physical means but also by ective synthesis of antibacterial peptide under stress conditions such as infection of microbes at injured site (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.90,6275-6279(1993)). The observation changed our classical view on the function of integument in insect defense. In the present project we further investigated the active engagement of the insect integument in insect defense. The major results are as follows : a) Prophenol oxidase cascade similar to that in hemolymph is present in body wall cuticle and tracheal cuticle. ; b) Cuticular prophenol oxidase is synthesized in hemocytes and transported to cuticle, where it is localized in a specific orderly arrayd pattern. c) Cuticular prophenol oxidase had retention time different from that of hemolymph on reversed phase ODS column chromatography, indicating that prophenol oxidase in hemolymph is modified in the process of its transport from hemolymph to cuticle. We are currently investigating the structural difference between prophenol oxidases from hemolymph and from cuticle. d) Prophenol oxidase a activating enzyme was purified from cuticles and its primary structure was deduced from base sequence of prophenol oxidase activating enzyme cDNA.e) Cecropin synthesis is induced in epidermal cells after abrasion of body wall cuticle and the application of lipopolysaccharide at the abraded part. Very small amount of lipopolysaccharide (a few picogram) could induce the synthesis when it was applied at abraded cuticle of 5th instar silkworm.

  • Research Products

    (22 results)

All Other

All Publications (22 results)

  • [Publications] Ashida,M.: "A target protease of serpins in insect hemolymph" Insect Biochem.& Moilec.Biol.24. 1037-1041 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Brey,P.T.: "Tyrosinase-type prophenoloxidase distribution in the alimentary canal of strains of Anopheles gambiae refractory and susceptible to Plasmodium infection" Experimental Parasitol. 80. 654-664 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Katsumi,Y.: "A serine protease zymogen in insect plasma : Purification and activation by microbial cell wall components" Eur.J.Biochem.228. 870-877 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Yasuhara,Y.: "Re-examination of properties of prophenoloxidase isolated from larval hemolymph of the silkworm,Bombyx mori" Arch.Biochem.Biophys.320. 14-23 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kawabata,T.: "Molecular cloning of insect prophenoloxidase : A copper containing protein homologous to arthropod hemocyanin" Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 7774-7778 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Ashida,M.: "Role of the integument in insect defense : Prophenoloxidase cascade in the cuticular matrix" Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 10698-10702 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Yoshida,H.: "Purification of a peptidogiycan recognition protein from hemolymph of the silkworm,Bombyx mori" J.Biol.Chem.271. 13854-13860 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Tsuchiya,M.: "Detection of peptidoglycan and beta-glucan with silkworm larvae plasma test" FEMS Immunol.Med.Microbiol.15. 129-134 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Ashida,M.: "Studies on the phenol oxidase system of insect" Zool.Sci.13. 3-4 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Ashida,M.: "Recent advances on the research of the insect prophenoloxidase cascade" Molecular mechanisms of immune responses insects. (印刷中). (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Chen,C.C.: "Effects of inhibitors of serine protease,phenoloxidase and dopadecarboxylase on the melanization of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariaw with Armigeres subalbatus hemolymph in vitro" Parasitology. (印刷中). (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Ashida, M.: "A target protease of serpins in insect hemolymph." Insect Biochem.& Molec.Biol.24. 1037-1041 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Brey, P.T.: "Tyrosinase-type prophenoloxidase distribution in the alimentary canal of strains of Anopheles gambiae refractory and susceptible to Plasmodium infection." Experimental Parasitol. 80. 654-664 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Katsumi, Y.: "A serine protease zymogen in insect plasma : Purification and activation by microbial cell wall components." Eur.J.Biochem.228. 870-877 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Yasuhara, Y.: "Re-examination of properties of prophenoloxidase isolated from larval hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori." Arch.Biochem.Biophys.320. 14-23 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kawabata, T.: "Molecular cloning of insect prophenoloxidase : A copper containing protein homologous to arthropod hemocyanin." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 7774-7778 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Ashida, M.: "Role of the integument in insect defense : Prophenoloxidase cascade in the cuticular matrix." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 10698-10702 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Yoshida, H.: "Purification of a peptidoglycan recognition protein from hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori" J.Biol.Chem.271. 13854-13860 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Tsuchiya, M.: "Detection of peptidoglycan and beta-glucan with silkworm larvae plasma test." FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology.15. 129-134 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Ashida, M.: "Recent advances on the research of the insect prophenoloxidase cascade (Eds.Brey, P.T.and Hultmark, D.). In Molecular mechanisms of immune responses in insects." Chapman & Hall/London. (in press). (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Lee, W.-J.: "Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of prophenoloxidase cDNA from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae." Biochem.J.(in press). (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Chen, C.C.: "Effects of inhibitors of serine protease, phenoloxidase and dopa decarboxylase on the melanization of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae with Armigeres subalbatus hemolymph in vitro" Parasitology. (in press). (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 1999-03-09  

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