複雑液体の物理A02揺らぎと緩和過程

1996 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 07236103
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: 梶 慶輔 京都大学, 化学研究所, 教授 (00026072)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 新井 正敏 高エネルギー物理学研究所, 大学共同利用機関等, 教授 (30175955) ; 好村 滋洋 広島大学, 総合科学部, 教授 (50034583) ; 橋本 竹治 京都大学, 大学院・工学研究科, 教授 (20026230) ; 鈴木 謙爾 東北大学, 金属材料研究所, 教授 (10005861) ; 八尾 誠 京都大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 助教授 (70182293)
• Keywords: 複雑液体 / 揺らぎと緩和 / 超臨界流体 / ガラス転移 / ソフトマタ- / 中性子散乱 / 流体水銀 / 硝酸塩融体

Research Abstract

平成8年度は、平成7年度に引続き「揺らぎと緩和過程」の立場から複雑液体の示す特徴を研究した。すなわち、複雑液体の集団運動(運動の協力現象)や階層構造の本質を知るために、以下に示す3つの系を中心に、その構造とダイナミックスを研究した。
1.液相-気相転移の超臨界現象を示す系:(1)流体水銀(八尾)…前年度に発見した界面での前駆漏れ転移を定量的に研究し、その原因を検討。また、超臨界流体の金属-非金属転移での密度による大きな音速変化、臨界音波減衰が通常の絶縁性流体より著しく大きいことを発見。(2)カルコゲン(八尾、遠藤)…液体カルコゲン-ハロゲン混合系に速い緩和(分子内)と遅い緩和(分子全体の拡散)の2つの機構があることを発見。また、液体テルルは、アルカリ金属添加により金属から半導体に転移することを発見。(3)分子性液体(岡田)…溶融塩DyCl_3の電気泳動では存在種(陰イオン)とは異なる泳動種(陽イオン)が存在することを発見。MD実験よりメタケイ酸ガラス中のアルカリイオンの拡散は互いに同種イオンが連動して動く確率が大きいことを発見。
2.ガラス転移を示すアモルファス物質系:(1)アモルファス高分子(梶)…ガラス転移領域の緩和(α緩和)と低エネルギー励起(ボソンピーク)の協同連動領域の相関長は、ほぼ等しく(10〜30Å)、両者は密接に関係していると予想されるが、このことを熱処理効果から支持する結果を得た。(2)メタル-メタロイド合金ガラス(鈴木)…この場合も上記の高分子の場合に対応する結果が得られた。(3)無機ガラス(新井)…超高圧で中間距離相関を変化させ、上の熱処理効果と類似の結果を得たが、その解釈については議論の余地がある。
3.複雑な構造をもつ系(ソフトマタ-系):(1)高分子ブロック共重合体(橋本)…1次構造のもつ階層性を反映して熱雑音力誘起秩序・無秩序1次相転移が起こることを実験的に始めて解明。また、無秩序相の組成ゆらぎはスポンジ状構造であること、秩序化過程では、核生成・成長機構に変化し臨界核構造に階層性が生じることも発見。(2)両親媒子系(好村)…中性子スピン・エコー分光器の測定効率を3倍向上させた。これを用いて三元系のマイクロエマルション相やラメラ相のダイナミックスの測定に成功。

Research Products

• [Publications] K.Kaji: "Fast Process of Amorphous Polystyrene below and above the Glass Transition Temperature Tg as Studied by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering" J.Chem.Phys.104. 3841-3850 (1996)
• [Publications] K.Kaji: "Inelastic Neutron Scattering Study of Low-energy Excitations in Glassy 1-Butene" J.Chem.Phys.105. 732-737 (1996)
• [Publications] K.Kaji: "Infuluence of the Microstructure in the Incoherent Neutron Scattering of Glass-Forming Polybutadienes" J.Chem.Phys.105. 1189-1197 (1996)
• [Publications] K.Kaji: "Low-energy Excitation of Amorphous and Semicrystalline Poly(ethylene terephthalate)" Physica. B226. 82-85 (1996)
• [Publications] K.Kaji: "Microscopic View of Glass Transition Dynamics A Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Study on trans-1,4-Polychloroprene" J.Chem.Phys.105. 4342-4349 (1996)
• [Publications] K.Kaji: "Annealing Effects on Low-energy Excitation of Amorphous Poly(methyl methacrylate)" Mon Equilibrium Phenomena in Supercooled Fluids,Glasses and AmorphousMaterials. 301-302 (1996)
• [Publications] K.Kaji: "Microscopic View of Dynamics of Polymer Glasses and Glass Transition" Kobunshi-Ronbunshu. 53. 648-659 (1996)
• [Publications] K.Kaji: "Growth Shape Observed in Two-Dimensional Poly(ethylene terephthalate)Spherulites" Macromolecules. 29. 8830-8834 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Anomalous breaking of phonon softening in the superconducting state of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4" Physica. C257. 264-270 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "C.-H.Lee and Y.Endoh Anomalous Structure and Phonon Dynamics in La1.85Sr0.15CuO4" J.Low Temp.Phys.105. 819-824 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Dynamical Structural Instability in YBa2Cu306.6" J.Low Temp.Phys.105. 837-842 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Quantum Spin Excitaion of a spin-Peierls system CuGeO3" Phys.Rev.77. 3649 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "High energy spin excitation of a high-Tc superconductors La1.85Sr0.15CuO4" CZEC.J.of Physics. 46. 1147-1148 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Structure and Phonon Anomaly in La1.85Sr0.15 04" CZEC.J.of Physics. 46. 1239-1240 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Investigation for the dynamical and local structure of the YBa2Cu306.6" CZEC.J.of Physics. 46. 1241-1242 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Quantum effect on magnetic excitation" CZEC.J.of Physics. 46. 1965-1966 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Cu-Ag Alloy Bitter Type Magnet for Repeating Pulsed Field." IEEE,Trans.on Magntics. 32. 2534-2537 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Dynamical Magnetic Structure of the Spin Density Wave State in Cr" J.of Phys.Soc.Jpn.65. 1418-1426 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Investigation on permanently densified vitreous silica by means of neutron scattering" Physica. B119 & 220. 287-289 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Structural instability of high-Tc superconductor La1.85Sr0.15CuO4" Physica. B119 & 220. 225-227 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Phonon anomaly of under-doped YBa2Cu306.6 studied by neutron scattering" Physica. B119 & 220. 204-206 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Unconventional electron-phonon interaction and anharmonicity in superconducting cuprates." Physica B2. 119 & 220. 145-147 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Arai: "Lattice anomaly and dynamics of CuGeO3" Physica B2. 119 & 220. 95-97 (1996)
• [Publications] I.Okada: "The Isotope Effect on the Internal Cation Mobility of Molten Dysprosium Chloride" J.Electrochem.Soc.143. 3830-3832 (1996)
• [Publications] I.Okada: "Fraction Excitation and Levy Flight Dynamics in Alkali Silicate Glasses" Phys.Rev.B. (in press).
• [Publications] I.Okada: "Anomalous Behavior of Ag(1)and Tl(1)Ions in Mobilities of Molten Nitrates" The Electrochemical Society. 511-523 (1996)
• [Publications] I.Okada: "Anomalous Behavior of Ag(1)and Tl(1)Ions in Internal Mobilities in Molten Nitrates" J.Electrochem.Soc.(in press).
• [Publications] 岡田勲: "ガラスの混合アルカリ効果" 固体物理. 31. 597-606 (1996)
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• [Publications] I.Okada: "Anomalous Behavior of Ag(1)and Tl(1)Ions in Mobilities of Moten Nitrates" The Electrochemical Society. 511-523 (1996)
• [Publications] S.Komura: "Crossover from Meanfield to 3D-lsing Critical Behavior in a 3-Component Microemulsion System" Physical Review E. 54. 629-633 (1996)
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• [Publications] K.Suzuki: "Mesoscopic structure of SiC fibers by neutron and x-ray Scattering" Journal of Materials Research. 11. 1169-1178 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Thermoreversible Cylinder-Sphere Transition of Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene Diblock Copolymers in Dioctyl Phthalate Solutions" Macromolecules. 29. 740-747 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Thermoreversible Cylinder-Sphere Transition of Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene Diblock Copolymers in Dioctyl Phthalate Solutions" Macromolecules. 29. 740-747 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Effect of Volume Fraction on the Order-Disorder Transition in Low Molecular Weight Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene Copolymers2" Macromolecules. 29. 2113-2123 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of Anomalous Mixing Behaviors in Deuterated Polystyrene/Poly(vinyl methyl ether)Mixtures near the Glass Transition Temperature" Macromolecules. 29. 2440-2448 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Order-Disorder Transition of Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene.I." J.Chem.Phys.104. 7765-7777 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Ordering Process of Block Copolymers near Order-Disorder Transition" Busseikenkyu. 66. 488-491 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Observation of a Discontinuity in the Value of Im^<-1> at the Order-Disorder Transition in Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer and Diblock Copolymer/Diblock Copolymer Blends" Polymer Journal. 28. 821-824 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Microdomain Structures with Hyperbolic Interfaces in Block and Graft Coplymer Systems" Polymer. 37. 3825-3833 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "SAXS and Dielectric Relaxation Studies of the Order-Disorder Transition of Semidilute Solutions of PS-block-PIP" Macromolecules. 29. 8126-8131 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Shear-Flow Effects on Self-Assembly of Semidilute Solutions of off-Critical Polymer Mixtures : Shear-Hysteresis Effects" J.Chem.Phys.105. 5216-5223 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Memory Effect on Spinodal Decomposition.1." Macromolecules. 29. 8117-8125 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Symmetry-Breaking and Symmetry-Recovering Occuring during Coalescence of Nematic Droplets with a Bipolar Structure" Liquid Crystals. 20. 669-672 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Phase-Separation Processes and Self-Organization of Textures in the Biphase Region of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline PDO-DMAB-DD.2." Macromolecules. 29. 5288-5296 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Process and Mechanism of Phase Separation of Polymer Mixtures with a Thermotropic LC Copolyester as One Component" Macromolecules. 29. 5990-6001 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Phase-Separated Structures Formed in Polymer Mixtures Containing a Thermotropic LC Copolyester as One Component" Polymer. 37. 2259-2272 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Dynamic SAXS System Using an Imaging Plate" J.Synchrotron Red.3. 225-230 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Application of Topological Theorems to Studies of Coalescence and Ordering Processes in Nematic Droplets" Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 65. 3896-3900 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Morphology of Model Three-Component Three-Arm Star-Shaped Copolymers" Polymer,in press.
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Order-Order and Order-Disorder Trnasitions in a PS-block-PIP-block-PS Copolymer" Macromolecules,in press.
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Wetting of Mercury on Sapphire" J.Phys.Condens.Matter.8. 9547-9551 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Electonic and Atomic Structures of Liquid Tellurium Containing Alkali Elements" J.Phys.Soc.Jpn.66(in press). (1997)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Fragmentation of chalcogen Microclusters" Transaction of Materials Research Society. 20. 404-407 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Photo-induced Phenomena of AsS and As_2 S_3 Microclusters Encapsulated in Zeolite" Transaction of Materials Research Society. 20. 466-469 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "ESR Study of Pressure-quenched Monoclinic Te_<0.4>Se_<0.6>" J.Phys.Soc.Jpn.66. 1601-1606 (1997)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Production of Sulfur-Selenium Mixed Clusters by the Supersonic Jet Expansion Method" Surface Review and letters. 3. 201-204 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Photo Induced Phenomera of Chalcogen Microclusters Confined in the Zeolite Cages" Surface Review and Letters. 3. 711-715 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Critical Behaviour in Liquid Mercury" J.Non-Cryst.Solids. 205-207. 231-238 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Acoustic Properties of Expanded Fluid Mercury" J.Non-Cryst.Solids. 205-207. 274-277 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Anomalous Volume Contraction of Expanded Mercury by the addition of Impurity Elements" J.Non-Cryst.Solids. 205-207. 270-273 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Structure and Physical Properties of Liquid Chalcogens" J.Non-Cryst.Solids. 205-207. 85-88 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Photo-Induced Effects on Chalcogen Free Microclusters" J.Non-Cryst.Solids. 205-207. 807-811 (1996)
• [Publications] M.Yao: "Static and Dynamic Structures of Liquid Tellurium Mixtures" J.Non-Cryst.Solids. 205-207. 447-450 (1996)
• [Publications] 八尾誠: "第9回液体およびアモルファス金属国際会議(LAM9)報告" 物性研究. 65巻. 813-818 (1996)
• [Publications] H.Endo: "Structure and Electronic properties of Te-Se mixtures under High pressure" J.Phys.Soc.Jpn. 64. 4776-4789 (1995)
• [Publications] H.Endo: "The Semiconductor-metal transition of liquid arsenic-selenium." J.Non.Cryst.Solids. 205-207. 43-47 (1996)
• [Publications] 遠藤裕久: "液体金属40年" 固体物理. 31. 661-674 (1996)
• [Publications] K.Suzuki: "SHORT-AND MEDIUM-RANGE STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF AMORPHOUS ALLOYS" The Minerals,Metals and Materials Society, 18 (1997)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Comprehensive Polymer Science(Chapter14)" Pergamon, 43 (1996)
• [Publications] T.Hashimoto: "Thermoplastic Elastomers" Hanser, 35 (1996)