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1997 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NULTIMEDIA AND 4 DIMENSIONAL DATABASE SYSTEM

Research Project

Project/Area Number 07558158
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section展開研究
Research Field 計算機科学
Research InstitutionKYUSHU UNIVERSITY

Principal Investigator

MAKINOUCHI Akifumi  KYUSHU UNIVERSITY,GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,PROFESSOR, 大学院・システム情報科学研究科, 教授 (30221576)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) KANEKO Kunihiko  KYUSHU UNIVERSITY,GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, 大学院・システム情報科学研究科, 助手 (50274494)
KUROKI Susumu  KYUSHU UNIVERSITY,GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, 大学院・システム情報科学研究科, 助手 (20225288)
AMANO Hirofumi  KYUSHU UNIVERSITY,COMPUTER CENTER,ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, 大型計算機センター, 助教授 (80231992)
YOSHIDA Norihiko  KYUSHU UNIVERSITY,GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, 大学院・システム情報科学研究科, 助教授 (00182775)
TANIGUCHI Rin-ichirou  KYUSHU UNIVERSITY,GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, 大学院・システム情報科学研究科, 教授 (20136550)
Project Period (FY) 1995 – 1997
KeywordsSpatio-temporal Database / Spatio-temporal Data Model / Spatio-temporal Query / Spatio-temporal Query Language / Spatio-temporal Index / Spatio-temporal Operators / Virtual Reality Interface
Research Abstract

Multimedia data such as videos and images are often represented and stored in their own file formats. Such data representation makes it difficult and time-consuming to retrieve them by contents. On the contrary, contents of multimedia data are modeled by spatio-temporal data base technologies in our system to accelerate multimedia data retrieval, because spatio-temporal data retrieval is expected to be much faster. From this point of view, we have studied the following.
1.A data model for representing and storing spatio-temporal data is designed and implemented. In the model, spatio-temporal data is represented as a subspace in the space resulted from the Cartesian product of spatial, temporal, and non-spatio-temporal attributes. The subspace is represented by a simplicial complex. This representation guarantees that calculation of predicates and operators on spatio-temporal data is carried out in a unified way of combinatorial geometry.
2.Spatio-temporal query language is studied by designing a spatio-temporal database and describing spatio-temporal queries. Spatio-temporal predicates are defined as well spatial and temporal predicates. Also, the problem of how spatio-temporal queries are described is studied. In addtion, the transformation of spatio-temporal queries into the queries in the internal representation is studied.
3A spatio-temporal index is studied to retrieve them efficiently. The index is implemented based on R^<**>-tree. Spatio-temporal query processing is based on internal representation. This requires query processing on high dimensional spaces. Normalization method of such high dimensional space is studied to accelerate high dimensional spatial data.
4.A graphical user interface for displaying spatio-temporal data is implemented using VRML and its browser. Using this interface, a user can understand what the high dimensional spatial data means visually.

  • Research Products

    (76 results)

All Other

All Publications (76 results)

  • [Publications] G.Yu et al.: "Transform More Semantics from Relational Database to Object-Oriented Database" Proc.4th Int.Conf.Database Systems for Advanced Applications. 300-307 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 有次 正義(他): "永続プログラミング言語INADAにおけるビューの実現" 情報処理学会論文誌. 36. 971-980 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 大月 美佳(他): "オブジェクト指向ソフトウェア部品のための分散ハイパーテキストに基づくリポジトリ" 情報処理学会オブジェクト指向シンポジウム'95. 157-164 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida et al.: "AN Efficient Implementation of Virtual Shared Associative Memory using UDP/IP Protocol" Proc.25th jus UNIX Sympo.13-19 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Aritsugi et al.: "Design and Implementation of Multiple Type Objects in a Persistent Programming Language" Proc.IEEE 19th Int.Computer Software and Applications Conf.70-76 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Aritsugi et al.: "Several Implementations of Persistent Pointers in a Memory-Mapped I/O Environment" Proc.6th Int.Workshop and Conf.Database and Expert Systems Applications(DEXA'95). 490-501 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida et al.: "A Highly-Parallel Implementation of Pattern-Directed Communication" HPC-Asia'95(High-Performance Computing)[論文集 CD-ROMにつき,ページ番号なし]. (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] K.Imasaki et al.: "Design of Database Language for a Massively Parallel Main Memory Database System and Its Performance Benchmark" Proc.Int.Sympo.Parallel and Distributed Supercomputing. 198-205 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] G.Bai et al.: "Implementation and Performance Evaluation of a Distributed Paged-Object Storage server" IEICE Trans.Information and System. E78-D. 1439-1448 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 吉田 紀彦: "関数型言語による抽象プロセス構造の高階記述およびその変換導出の試み" ソフトウェア工学の基礎II(大蒔和仁編). 131-139 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 大月 美佳(他): "オブジェクト指向ソフトウエア開発支援のための分散部品リポジトリ" ソフトウェア工学の基礎II(大蒔和仁編). 207-212 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] H.Amano et al.: "The Multiple-Type Mechanism and View Functions of an Object-Oriented Persistent Programming Language INADA" Advances in Computing Techniques-Algorithms,Databases and Parallel Processing(H.Imai,W.F.Wong and K.F.Loe Eds.). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] G.Yn et al.: "Transaction Management for a Distributed Object Storage System" 1996 IEEE Int.Conf.on Data Engineering. 460-468 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] K.Kaneko et al.: "Multimedia Applications using a Database Programming Language-INADA" 1996 IEEE Int.Conf.on Multimedia Computing and Systems. 458-461 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Y.Jiang et al.: "Integrating Parallel Functions into the Manipulation for Distributed Persistent Objects" IEEE 20th Int.Computer Software and Applications Conf.76-82 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 金子 邦彦(他): "アニメーションデータベースシステムMOVEにおける動きの格納と検索法" 電子情報通信学会論文誌. J79-D-I. 834-842 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] T.Ono et al.: "Design of Dynamic Load Balancing Mechanism for Massively Parallel Object-Oriented Databases" Int.Symp.on Cooperative Database Systems for Advanced Applications(Vol.1). 23-26 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Ohtsuki et al.: "A Distributed Repository for Object-Oriented Software Components" IEEE Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conf.'96,(Vol.2). 47-54 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida et al.: "Decentralized Processing for Multitarget Motion Analysis" IEEE Int.Conf.on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems. 297-303 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 吉田 紀彦(他): "分散協調による多体軌跡推定" 情報処理学会論文誌. 38. 206-214 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] T.Ono et al.: "Design of Dynamic Load Balansing Mechanism for Massively Parallel Object-Oriented Databases" Cooperative Databases and Applications(Y.Kambayashi and K.Yokota Eds.). 569-572 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 牧之内 顕文: "マルチメディアデータベース最前線" Computer Today. 79. 46-50 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 大月 美佳(他): "SGMLによるデザインパターンの構造化文書化" オブジェクト指向最前線(情報処理学会オブジェクト指向シンポジウムOO'97論文集). 31-38 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Y.jiang et al.: "A Parallel Hash-Based Join Algorithm for a Networked Cluster of Multiprocessor Nedes" Proc.21st IEEE COMPSAC. 678-683 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Otsuki et al.: "Structured Document Framework for Design Patterns Based on SGML" Proc.21st IEEE COMPSAC. 320-323 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] K.Imasaki et al.: "Design and Evaluation of the Mechanism for Object References in a Parallel Object-Oriented Database System" Proc.Int. Database Eng.and Application Sympo.337-346 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] K.Kaneko et al.: "Data Storage and Query Processing for Structured Document Databases" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 92-97 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] B.Wang et al.: "Extending Database space of Inada/ODMG for Very Large Database on 64 Bit Workstations" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 112-117 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] F.Andres et al.: "The TOSDHIM System Management of Distributed Heterogeneous Multimedia Information" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 126-129 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] F.Andres et al.: "High Performance Multimedia Database System Support for Image Processing" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 761-766 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] S.Kuroki et al.: "Towards a Spatio-Temporal OQL for the Four Dimensional Spatial Database System Hawks" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 142-147 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida et al.: "Efficient Implementation of Distributed Genetic Algorithms on Network of Workstations" Proc.2nd.Int.ICSC Sympo.Soft Computing. 336-340 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida et al.: "GAP:Generic VLSI Processor for Genetic Algorithms" Proc.2nd.Int.ICSC Sympo.Soft Computing. 341-345 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] G.Wang et al.: "Parallel Algorithms for Path Expressions in Object-Oriented Database Systems" Proc.IPSJ Sympo.Information Systems and Technologies for Network Society. 344-351 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] H.Horinokuchi et al.: "Design and Implementation of R^*-tree for Spatiotemporal Index" Proc.IPSJ Sympo.Information Systems and Technologies for Network Society. 199-202 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] T.Ono et al.: "Performance Evaluation of Object Relocation Mechanisms for Dynamic Load Balancing in Parallel Object-Oriented Databases" Proc.IPSJ Sympo.Information Systems and Technologies for Network Society. 352-355 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 大月 美佳(他): "オブジェクト指向ソフトウェア部品の分散管理システム" 九州大学大学院システム情報科学研究科報告. 2. 259-264 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Z.Aghbari et al.: "New Indexing Method for Content-Based Video Retrieval and Clustering for MPEG Video Database" Proc.Int.Sympo.Digital Media Information Base. 140-149 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Y.Jiang et al.: "A Dynamic Parallel Query Scheduling for Distributed Shared Persistent Object Stores" Proc.Int.Sympo.Digital Media Information Base. 199-203 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] G.Yu, G.Wang, H.Zheng, and A.Makinouchi: "Transform More Semantics from Relational Databases to Object-Oriented Database" Proc.4th Int.Conf.Database Systems for Advanced Applications. 300-307 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Aritsugi, H.Amano, and A.Makinouchi: "Implementation of Views in the Persistent Programming Language INADA" Trans.IPSJ. Vol.36. 971-980 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida and Y.Suezaki: "An Efficient Implementation of Virtual Shared Associative Memory using UDP/IP Protocol" Proc.25th jus UNIX Sympo.13-19 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Aritsugi and A.Makinouchi: "Design and Implementation of Multiple Type Objects in a Persistent Programming Language" Proc.IEEE 19th Int.Computer Software and Applications Conf.70-76 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Aritsugi, K.Teramoto, G.Bai, and A.Makinouchi: "Several Implementations of Persistent Pointers in a Memory-Mapped I/O Environment" Proc.6th Int.Workshop and Conf.Database and Expert Systems Applications. 490-501 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida, T.Toyoda: "A Highly-Parallel Implementation of Pattern-Directed Communication" HPC-Asia'95 (High-Performance Computing). CD-ROM. (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] K.Imasaki, T.Ono, K.Fukumi, H.Amano, and A.Makinouchi: "Design of a Database Language for a Massively Parallel Main Memory Database System and Its Performance Benchmark" Proc.Int.Sympo.Parallel and Distributed Supercomputing. 198-205 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] G.Bai and A.Makinouchi: "Implementation and Perfotmance Evaluation of a Distributed Paged-Object Storage Server" IEICE Trans.Information and System. Vol.E78-D,No.11. 1439-1448 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida: "Higher-Order Abstraction and Derivation of Process Group Topologies in Functional Programming" Foundation of Software Engineering II (Ohmaki ed.). 131-139 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Ohtsuki, N.Yoshida, and A.Makinouchi: "Distributed Component Repository for Cooperative Object-Oriented Software Development" Foundation of Software Engineering II (Ohmaki ed.). 207-212 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] H.Amano, M.Aritsugi, and A.Makinouchi: "The Multiple-Type Mechanism and View Functions of an Object-Oriented Persistent Programming Language INADA" Advances in Computing Techniques-Algorithms, Databases and Parallel Processing (H.Imai, W.F.Wong and K.F.Loe Eds.). (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] G.Yu, K.Kaneko, and A.Makinouchi: "Transaction Management for a Distributed Object Storage System" Proc.1996 IEEE Int.Conf.Data Engineering. 460-468 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] K.Kaneko, A.Makinouchi, and M.Aritsugi: "Multimedia Applications using a Database Programming Language --- INADA" Proc.1996 IEEE Int.Conf Multimedia Computing and Systems. 458-461 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Y.Jiang, M.Aritsugi and A.Makinouchi: "Integrating Parallel Functions into the Manipulation for Distributed Persistent Objects" Proc.IEEE 20th Int.Computer Software and Applications Conf.76-82 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] K.Kaneko, S.Kuroki, and A.Makinouchi: "Storage and Retrieve of Motion on an Animation Database System MOVE" Trans.IEICE D-1. Vol.J79-D-I. 834-842 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] T.Ono, T.Horibuchi, K.Imasaki, H.Amano, and A.Makinouchi: "Design of Dynamic Load Balancing Mechanism for Massively Parallel Object-Oriented Databases" Proc.Int.Symp.Cooperative Database Systems for Advanced Applications. Vol.1. 23-26 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Ohtsuki, N.Yoshida, and A.Makinouchi: "A Distributed Repository for Object-Oriented Software Components" Proc.IEEE Asia Paciffic Software Engineering Conf.'96. Vol.2. 47-54 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida and A.Mitani: "Decentralized Processing for Multitarget Motion Analysis" Proc.IEEE Int.Conf.Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems. 297-303 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida and A.Mitani: "Multitarget Motion Analysis by Decentralized Cooperation" Trans.IPSJ. 206-214 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] T.Ono, T.Horibuchi, K.Imasaki, H.Amano, and A.Makinouchi: "Design of Dyamic Load Balancing Mechanism for Massively Parallel Object-Oriented Databases" Cooperative Databases and Applications (Y.Kambayashi and K.Yokota eds.). 569-572 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Ohtsuki, J.Segawa, N.Yoshida, A.Makinouchi: "Structured Document Framework for Design Patterns Using SGML" Proc.IPSJ Sympo.Object-Oriented Computation. 31-38 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Y.Jiang and A.Makinouchi: "A Parallel Hash-Based Join Algorithm for a Networked Cluster of Multiprocessor Nedes" Proc.IEEE 21st Computer Software and Applications Conf.678-683 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Otsuki, J.Segawa, N.Yoshida, and A.Makinouchi: "Structured Document Framework for Design Patterns Based on SGML" Proc.IEEE 21st Computer Software and Applications Conf.320-323 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] K.Imasaki, T.Ono, T.Horibuchi, and A.Makinouchi: "Design and Evaluation of the Mechanism for Object References in a Parallel Object-Oriented Database System" Proc.Int.Database Eng.and Application Sympo. 337-346 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] K.Kaneko, and A.Makinouch: "Data Storage and Query Processing for Structured Document Databases" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 92-97 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] B.Wang, A.Makinouchi, and K.Kaneko: "Extending Database Space of Inada/ODMG for Very Large Database on 64 Bit Workstations" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 112-117 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] F.Andres, K.Kaneko, B.Folliot, K.Ono, A.Makinouchi, P.Sens, and P.Cadinot: "The TOSDHIM System Management of Distributed Heterogeneous Multimedia Information" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 126-129 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] F.Andres, K.Kaneko, A.Makinouchi, and K.Ono: "High Performance Multimedia Database System Support for Image Processing" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 761-766 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] S.Kuroki, K.Ishizuka, and A.Makinouchi: "Towards a Spatio-Temporal OQL for the Four Dimensional Spatial Database System Hawks" Proc.8th Int.Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. 142-147 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida and R.Araki: "Efficient Implementation of Distributed Genetic Algorithms on Network of Workstations" Proc.2nd Int.ICSC Sympo.Soft Computing. 336-340 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] N.Yoshida, T.Moriki, and T.Yasuoka: "GAP : Generic VLSI Processor for Genetic Algorithms" Proc.2nd Int.ICSC Sympo.Soft Computing. 341-345 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] G.Wang, K.Kaneko, and A.Makinouchi: "Parallel Algorithms for Path Expressions in Object-Oriented Database Systems" Proc.IPSJ Sympo.Information Systems and Technologies for Network Society. 344-351 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] H.Horinokuchi, S.Kuroki, and A.Makinouchi: "Design and Implementation of R^<**>-tree for Spatiotemporal Index" Proc.IPSJ Sympo.Information Systems and Technologies for Network Society. 199-202 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] T.Ono, H.Amano, T.Horibuchi, and A.Makinouchi: "Performance Evaluation of Object Relocation Mechanisms for Dynamic Load Balancing in Parallel Object-Oriented Databases" Proc.IPSJ Sympo.Information Systems and Technologies for Network Society. 352-355 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] M.Ohtsuki, N.Yoshida, and A.Makinouchi: "Distributed Management System for Object-Oriented Software Components" Research Report of ISEE Kyusyu University. Vol.2. 259-264 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Z.Aghbari, K.Kaneko, and A.Makinouchi: "New Indexing Method for Content-Based Video Retrieval and Clustering for MPEG Video Database" Proc.Int.Sympo.Digital Media Information Base. 140-149 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Y.Jiang, G.Wang, and A.Makinouch: "A Dynamic Parallel Query Scheduling for Distributed Shared Persistent Object Stores" Proc.Int.Sympo.Digital Media Information Base. 199-203 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 1999-03-16  

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