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1997 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

Creation and knowledge production by experts

Research Project

Project/Area Number 07610142
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field 教育・社会系心理学
Research InstitutionKeio University

Principal Investigator

HATANO Giyoo  Keio University, Human Relations, Professor, 文学部, 教授 (60049575)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) OURA Yoko  Niigata University, Education and Human sciences, Professor, 教育人間科学部, 教授 (40092671)
Project Period (FY) 1995 – 1997
Keywordsexperts / expertise / domain knowledge / cooking / music / Japanese traditional music / empirical testing / relaxation of constraints
Research Abstract

Creation and knowledge production by experts
Experts not only possess a body of rich and well-structured domain knowledge but also can often produce new pieces of knowledge. The present study was aimed at clarifying this generative nature of eperts' cognition and building its process models. In 1995 we conducted a series of experiments on the process of creation in cooking and visual arts. ln the following year we investigated the process of knowledge generation, going beyond the production of individual pieces, mostly in the domain of cooking. ln the latest year, we developed a theoretical formulation of knowledge generation and underlying expertise, and conducted some additional experiments. The additional experiments dealt with now cooking would vary depending on different materials and demands and how an expert in one domain (Western music) would transfer one's expert skills to another, related domain (Japanese traditional music).
The results were as follows : 1) Reproducing an unkno … More wn recipe and identifying needed materials differed greatly depending upon participant's amount of the domain knowledge ; 2) Dyadic explorations for identifying a recipe tended to produce more committed search but were not more successful than individual attempts, because different ideas were not always adopted for integration. In contrast, empirical testing was effective for enhancing the recipe identification, though it was mediated by the amount of participant's knowledge ; 3) There was no evidence for the selective relaxation of constraints in cooking among experts. Experienced participants in cooking were better in their attempt to repair a recipe, by replacing missing materials or devices by others, but tended to be more conservative in terms of producing new dishes ; 4) Beginners and intermediates in painting did not differ in reproducing features of observed drawings ; 5) Learning of performing skills for Japanese music was hindered by the lack of receptive experience. Experience in Western music was generally facilitative, but sometimes produced confusion for newcomers. Less

  • Research Products

    (17 results)

All Other

All Publications (17 results)

  • [Publications] G.Hatano: "Might we adopt the learning-related account instead of the talent account?" Behavioral and Brain sciences. (印刷中).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 大浦 容子: "熟達と評価的発達・音楽領域での検討" 教育心理学研究. 44. 136-144 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] G.Hatano: "Comprehension activity in individuals and groups" In Advances in psychological sciences, vol.2. psychology press.(印刷中),

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 大浦 容子: "第1章 熟達化" 波多野誼余夫編「認知心理学5」東京大学出版会, 264(11-36頁) (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 波多野 誼余夫: "第9章 社会的認知" 市川伸一編「認知心理学4」東京大学出版会, 251 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 波多野 誼余夫: "文化心理学入門" 岩波書店, 198 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] G. Hatano: "Cognitive development and the acgisition of eypertise." In International encyclopedia of developmental and instructional psychology. oxtord, UK:Elsevier science, (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 大浦 容子: "第5章 音楽行動の熟達化" 日本児童研究所編「児童心理学の進歩1996年版」金子書房, 357 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Hatano, G.: "Comprehension activity in individuals and groups." Address given at the International Congress of Psychology in Montreal, Canada, August. (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Oura, Y.: "Expertise and evaluative development in music" Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology. 44 [In Japanese]. 136-144 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Oura, Y.& Hatano, G.: "When can people reconstruct a procedure from its product : Dyadic comprehension activity with empirical testing" Paper presented at the 7th European Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction in Athens, Greece, August. (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Oura, Y.& Hatano, G.: "Specific and generalized others in mind : The development of evaluative criteria in expertise." Paper to be presented at the XVth Biennial Meetings of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development in Berne, Switzerland, July. (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Hatano, G.: Cognitive development and the acquisition of expertise.In F.Weinert & E.De Corte (Eds.), International encyclopedia of developmental and instructional psychology. Oxford, UK : Elsevier Science, 237-276 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Hatano, G.& Miyake, N.: Social cognition.In S.Ichikawa (Ed), Handbook of Cognitive Psychology, Vol.4 (pp.205-235), Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo University Press [In Japanese], (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Hatano, G.& Takahashi, K.: Introduction to cultural psychology. Tokyo, Japan : Iwanami Shoten [In Japanese], (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Oura, Y.Expertise.In G.Hatano (Ed.): Handbook of Cognitive Psychology, Vol.5 (pp.11-36). Tokyo, Japan : Tokyo University Press [In Japanese], (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Oura, Y.: Expertise in music behavior.In Advances in Japanese child psychology, Vol.35 (pp.107-128).Tokyo, Japan : Kaneko shobo [In Japanese], (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 1999-03-16  

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