1998 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
A Cross-Cultural Study of Dispute Resolution : Cases between Japan and United States
| Project/Area Number |
08044002
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | Joint Research |
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| Research Field |
教育・社会系心理学
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| Research Institution | Tohoku University |
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Principal Investigator |
OHBUCHI Ken-ichi Tohoku University, Faculty of Arts and Letters, Professor, 文学部, 教授 (70116151)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
LIND E.Allan Duke University, the Fuqua Business School, Professor, フクアビジネス校, 教授
TYLER Tom R. New York University, Department of Psychology, Professor, 心理学部, 教授
SUGAWARA Ikuo Fukushima University, Faculty of Administration and Sociology, Associate Profess, 行政社会学部, 助教授 (90162859)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1996 – 1998
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| Keywords | Organizational Conflict / Justice / Group Values / Organizational commitment / Cross-Cultural / Japan and US / JET |
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| Research Abstract |
From the following five groups of participants, we obtained responses to our questionnaire asking them to rate conflicts with their supervisors in work situations in terms of causes, strategies, concerns, outcomes, and influences over organizational attitudes. They were (1) 154 Japanese business persons working in Japan, (2) another group of Japanese business persons in Japan (N=187), (3) 114 Japanese persons working in American companies in the San Francisco area, (4) 105 western persons working in Japanese schools as English teachers (participants in the JET program), and (5) 74 multi-ethnic students, including Japanese, of graduate courses in the Fuqua Business School of Duke University, Durham, U.S.A.It was commonly found that both person-oriented concerns (personal achievement, identity, and power) and group-oriented concerns (relationship maintenance, group coherence, and group achievement) were activated in the process of conflict resolution and they determined participants' strategy choice, but achievement of group-oriented concerns contributed more to outcome satisfaction and organizational commitment. Japanese participants were particularly concerned with group-oriented goals and they rated conflicts as more fair when group-oriented concerns were satisfied, while western participants were comfortable when person-oriented concerns were satisfied, suggesting cultural differences in the meaning of justice. The finding that both Japanese and western participants chose more passive strategies in between-cultural conflicts than in within-cultural conflicts suggests that cross-cultural situations must be considered from a minority-majority perspective.
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