ヒトの歩行に関する感覚運動連関の非侵襲的研究

1997 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 09308031
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: 柴崎 浩 京都大学, 医学研究科, 教授 (30037444)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 池田 昭夫 京都大学, 医学研究科, 助手 (90212761) ; 長峯 隆 京都大学, 医学研究科, 助手 (10231490) ; 福山 秀直 京都大学, 医学研究科, 助教授 (90181297)
• Keywords: 歩行 / 感覚運動連関 / 非侵襲的検査 / 脳血流 / SPECT / 脳磁場

Research Abstract

ヒトの二足歩行に必要な中枢神経系の制御機構については不明な点が多いが、感覚運動連関が強く関与していることは、パーキンソン病患者において、床に引いた横線を見せると 「すくみ足現象」 が直ちに改善することから明らかである。本年度は、以下2つの検査を行った。
1。トレッドミル歩行検査
5分間のトレッドミル上での定常歩行(速度13.3m/分)中と、同じく5分間の開眼仰臥位安静時に259MBqまたは518MBqのTc-99m-HMPAOを静脈内投与し、SPECT撮像は20分間行い、脳血流を統計学的に検討した。健常高齢者10名とパーキンソン病患者群10名で、課題中の歩行量は同じであったが、1分間あたりの歩数は健常高齢者で71、パーキンソン病患者で103と有意差を認めた。脳血流の検討では健常高齢者では、歩行時には補足運動野・前帯状回・一次運動感覚野の足及び体幹の領域・楔前部・中脳から吻側橋の背側・小脳半球と虫部の賦活が認められた。パーキンソン病では健常者に較べ、上前頭回・楔前部・小脳半球から橋背側にかけての賦活が低下していた。
2。視覚運動連関の脳磁図検査
2秒間隔の視覚刺激(今回はLEDを使用)を警告刺激、命令刺激として与え、命令刺激に対してすばやく反応させる随伴陰性変動の課題を遂行させた。脳磁場変化を全脳型脳磁図計にて計測し、背景脳活動の解析を健常者5名にて行った。10Hzの背景脳磁場は、運動終了時に後頭部および感覚運動野で反跳現象を示し、20Hz帯域では、運動前に感覚運動野での脱同期化を認めた。後頭部で運動終了時にみられる反跳現象は、視覚野と運動野の密接な関係を示している。
感覚運動連関の一端を皮質下、皮質の両レベルで非侵襲的に明らかにすることができた。

Research Products

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