1998 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
The Industrial Reshuffle and Re-distribution of Labourers under the War.Structure of Japan.
| Project/Area Number |
09610343
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Japanese history
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| Research Institution | Tokyo Woman's Christian University |
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Principal Investigator |
MATSUZAWA Tessei Tokyo Woman's Christian University, College of Arts and Science, Professor, 文理学部, 教授 (30086318)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1997 – 1998
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| Keywords | Manchukuo / North China / the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere / forced heavy laboar under detention / a prisoner of war / a concentration shack for forced labourers / a slave pen / a gaug system |
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| Research Abstract |
In the middle of 1930s the puppet state of Manchuria made up the Five-Year-Plan in order to develope the indusrial reshuffle quickly and drastically. A great deal of labourers necessary for that reform, were supplied mainly from villages in North China. Before long it was found that labourforce was badly needed also by factories and companies in North China. Therefore Manchukuo had to make often by force, not only farmers and other residents in North China but also prisoners of war, to work very hard at mines, harbours and so on according to the Plan. The idea, practical measures and lessons of such planned economy as experimented in Manchukuo, was one after another introduced into Japan proper in late 1930s.
The studies of such relationship between China and Japan as mentioned above, hitherto has little attention of how labourers were ruled in their worksites. I was rather lucky that I was taught minutely and provided with new documents by two professors of China, prominet experts in C
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hinese labor turnover and batou system (rule and control of labourers).
Havin made an analsys of the socio-economic reform accomplished at the age of Konoe and Tojo cabinet, using mainly the documents of Minobe Yoji, I have found the fundamental course taken by both cabinets was the scrap-and-build policy, namely special emphasis on war industry at the sacrifice of civillian industry. Since the shortage of material and human resources increased largely as the defeat seems certain, the aforesaid fundamental policy stuck in the mud. So they took a drastic measure to mobilise Korean and Chinese people, brought into Japan by force and compelled them heavy labor in slave pens. Until then many Japanese daylabourers had been forced heavy labor under detention in mines, harbours, constructin sites and so on. One of my conclusion is that labor conditions and the living environment of Koreans and Chinese brought into Japan by force had something in common with those of Japanese daylabourers.
The work to examine the historical background of the industrial reshuffle and re-ditribution of labourers under the war structure of Japan, and to invesitgate its expansion to the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere, is not yet finished. The study on this question from every side is essential to Japanese contemporary history. Less
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