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1999 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

少雪寒冷地流域の土壌特性が融雪流出に及ぼす影響に関する実証的研究

Research Project

Project/Area Number 09650559
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field 水工水理学
Research InstitutionKitami Institute of Technology

Principal Investigator

HAYAKAWAWA Hiroshi  Kitami Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Research Associate, 工学部, 助手 (20142797)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) UCHIJIMA Kunihide  Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology Associate Professor, 工学部, 助教授 (40003181)
Project Period (FY) 1997 – 1999
KeywordsSnowmelt runoff / Frozen Soil / Cold and snowy region / Runoff Model / Water balance / Water equivalent / Energy balance
Research Abstract

In Hokkaido, we have often experienced ground surface freezing during the winter like as Canada, North America in the subarctic zone. It shows that the effects of frozen soil on the snowmelt runoff got the runoff percentage larger than one of the rainfall runoff, that is, it was similar phenomenon as the urbanizing the basin. The Tomisato dam experimental basin, located in the eastern part of Hokkaido, Kitami City, was set up to clarify the effects of frozen soil on the snowmelt runoff.
The main results and remarks are indicated as follows.
(1) It was pointed out that the swell of long wavelength of hydrograph occurred in the beginning snowmelt season with the more frozen soil depth increasing. On the other hand, this phenomenon Was rarely recognized in the case of few frozen soil depth. Moreover, in this basin the diurnal change of snowmelt runoff, which has often observed in generally basin, was rarely recognized except in the maximum snowmelt season.
(2) By multiple regression analysis, the frost depth is good relationship between freezing index, snow depth and melting index, and the max value of frost depth is dependent upon the accumulate rainfall at autumn season.
(3) To make clear the effects of frozen soil on the snowmelt runoff, we construct 4×3 zoned tank model, which can consider the spatially distributed frost depth and snow depth at this site, by including the above frost dept prediction model. As a result, it is possible in snowmelt season to occur overland flow at the hillslopes because of reducing infiltration capacity of ground surface by soil freezing.
(4) For estimating the snowmelt, we proposed the Degree-Hour method with considering the snowmelt-refreezing at the snow surface layer. By considering the snowmelt-refreezing, it is possible to estimate the delay of snowmelt start.

  • Research Products

    (14 results)

All Other

All Publications (14 results)

  • [Publications] 早川 博: "凍結土層を有する少雪寒冷地の融雪流出特性に関する研究"水工学論文集. 42. 127-132 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 早川 博: "周波数応答法による降雨流出系の流域スケールの検討"土木学会北海道支部論文報告集. 54. 18-23 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 木口 満: "降雨流出系の周波数領域における応答特性の検討"土木学会北海道支部論文報告集. 55. 2-7 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 松本 隆志: "富里ダム流出試験地の流出特性について(第3報)"土木学会北海道支部論文報告集. 55. 40-45 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 松本 隆志: "凍結土層の存在を考慮した融雪流出モデルに関する研究"土木学会北海道支部論文報告集. 56. 230-233 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 木口 満: "降雨流出系の周波数領域における過度応答特性"土木学会北海道支部論文報告集. 56. 270-273 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] 早川 博: "少雪寒冷地における凍結土層の存在を考慮した融雪流出モデルに関する研究"水工学論文集. 45. 67-72 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Hiroshi HAYAKAWA: "Study on Snowmelt Runoff Characteristics in the Cold and Snowy Region with Frozen Soil"Annual Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, JSCE. Vol.42. 127-132 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Hiroshi HAYAKAWA: "Estimation of Basin Scale for Rainfall Runoff System by using Frequency Response Method"Proceedings of Hokkaido Chapter of the JSCE. Vol.54(b). 18-23 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Michiru KIGUCHI: "Estimation of Hydrologic Response for Rainfall Runoff System in Frequency Domain"Proceedings of Hokkaido Chapter of the JSCE. Vol.55(b). 2-7 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Takashi MATSUMOTO: "Runoff Characteristics in the Tomisato Dam Experimental Basin (Part 3)"Proceedings of Hokkaido Chapter of the JSCE. Vol.55(b). 40-45 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Takashi MATSUMOTO: "Study on Snowmelt Runoff Model in the Cold and Snowy Region with Frozen Soil"Proceedings of Hokkaido Chapter of the JSCE. Vol.56(b). 230-233 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Michiru KIGUCHI: "Estimation of Hydrological Transient Response for Rainfall Runoff System in Frequency Domain"Proceedings of Hokkaido Chapter of the JSCE. Vol.56(b). 270-273 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Hiroshi HAYAKAWA: "Study on Snowmelt Runoff Model in the Cold and Snowy Region with Frozen Soil"Annual Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, JSCE. Vol.45. 67-72 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 2002-03-26  

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