2001 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
THE EUROPEAN ACADEMIC ROOTS OF JAPANESE WESTERN NATURAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE (SO CALLED RANGAKU) OF THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES
| Project/Area Number |
10680009
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
科学技術史(含科学社会学・科学技術基礎論)
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| Research Institution | NIIMI COLLEGE |
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Principal Investigator |
ISHIDA Sumio NIIMI COLLEGE, PROFESSOR OF FACULTY OF LIBERAL ARTS, 教養科, 教授 (80232304)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1998 – 2001
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| Keywords | Rangaku / 'Ontleedkundige Tafelen' / Kaitai-shinsho (New book of Anatomy) / Kulmus / Dicten / von Plenck / surgeons' guild / 医学の学統 |
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| Research Abstract |
In 2001, the last year of this four-year projects, the investigator prepared to publish the result and summary of these projects after reading and analyzing the original hisorical materials and literatures which the investigator collected for these four years, As the results of this work, the investigator believes that the European academic roots of Japanese Western natural science and medicine (so called Rangaku) of the 18th and 19th centuries might be from the surgeons' circle in the Netherlands and continental Europe. Japanese of those days translated many Dutch natural scientific and medical books into Japanese, these Dutch books are the books for surgeons or artisans.
The first Rangaku book, 'Kaitai-shinsho (New book of Anatomy)' published in 1774 was translated from a Dutch book 'Ontleedkundige Tafelen (Anatomy Table)' published in 1734 at Amsterdam by G.Dicten. G.Dicten had been completely unknown Leiden surgeon before the investigator checked his old documents at the Archives of Leiden. G.Dicten is an influential surgeon of Leiden surgeons' guild.
J.J.E.von Plenck (1730-1809) wrote many medical and surgical books at Vienna and many of them were translated into Dutch and then many Dutch versions were translated into Japanese, von Plenck is also a surgeon teacher of Vienna training college for military surgeons.
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