1998 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

アジア域における生物マス燃焼等広域大気汚染の気候影響研究に関する調査

Research Project

Project/Area Number	10894016
Research Institution	The University of Tokyo
Principal Investigator	中島映至東京大学, 気候システム研究センター, 教授 (60124608)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	秋元肇東京大学, 先端科学研究センター, 教授 (50101043) 高橋正明東京大学, 気候システム研究センター, 教授 (70188051) 沼口敦東京大学, 気候システム研究センター, 助教授 (30237797) 住明正東京大学, 気候システム研究センター, 教授 (10179294) 太田幸雄北海道大学, 工学部, 教授 (00100058)
Keywords	アジア / 生物マス燃焼 / 広域大気汚染 / エアロゾル
Research Abstract	本研究では次のような研究成果を得た。 (1) 生物マス燃焼と化石燃料消費によって発生するガスとエアロゾルが放射強制力を通してひき起こす気候影響について検討をした。そのためにCCSR/NIES大循環気候モデルにエアロゾル生成に関わるガス反応、エアロゾル生成メカニズムを取り込んだ。それによるエアロゾル分布の全球シミュレーションの結果、全球分布の特徴はほぼ再現された。しかし、季節変化や分布の詳細を再現するためには、モデル空間分解能の向上とアジア地区におけるガスとエアロゾルの発生源の詳細データが必要なことが明らかになった。また、アジア域では工業起源の硫酸塩エアロゾル、生物マス燃焼起源エアロゾル、砂塵性エアロゾルが複雑に混合していることが示された。混合比と光学的厚さは場所、季節、年で複雑に変わるので、その再現と予測にはモデル、人工衛星データ解析、地上観測を多面的に組み合わす必要があることが分かった。また、北太平洋やインド洋への流れだしも数千kmにもおよび、清澄な海洋大気への影響を調べることが重要であることが明らかになった。 (2) 生物マス燃焼による地表面状態の変化の気候影響について検討をした。1997年のインドネシア森林火災を例に取り、観測結果や他の研究結果を基に多面的に考察を行った。その結果、放射強制力を算定するために重要なパラメーターとなる煙の光吸収能は、生物マスの種類、火災温度、水蒸気の取り込み量によって異なり、場合ごとのモデリングが必要なことが明らかになった。泥炭層から亜硫酸ガスの排出量も測定する必要がある。さらに放射強制力に及ぼすオゾンとエアロゾルによる相補的効果を定量的に把握するためには、オゾン鉛直分布の適切な推定も必要なことが明らがになった。 (3) 現在、国際的および国内的に行われている研究プロジェクトおよび将来計画されているプロジェクトを調査し、本課題研究に必要なデータを取得するための、観測点、観測装置、重点観測期間などを考察した。その結果、タイ域、インドネシア域、中国域、モンゴル域、韓国域、日本周辺に観測点を効率良く配置するのが良いことが明らかになった。現在、タイ、Sri-Samrongおよび中国、Shou-Xianに展開しているサイトへの集中資本投下が効率的である。不足している機器として、マイクロ波放射計、ライダー、光吸収計、ネフロメーターなどであり、それらの投入によって大気放射と大気化学的観測を結合する必要があることが明らかになった。また、船舶による観測についても重要であり、その手法の検討を行った。

Research Products
(36 results)

All Other

All Publications (36 results)

[Publications] Chevert,P.,H.Isaka,and T.Nakajima: "Influence of crystal shapes on radiative fluxes in visible wavelength : ice crystals randomly oriented in space" Annalae Geophysicae. 14. 837-844. (1996)
[Publications] Fukushima,H.,A.Higurashi,et al.: "Correction of atmospheric effect on ADEOS/OCTS ocean color data : Algorithm description and evaluation of its performance" J.Oceanogr. (in press).
[Publications] Hayasaka,T.,Yasuhiko Megro,et al.: "Stratification and size distribution of aerosols retrieved from simultaneous measurements with lidar,a sun photometer,and an aureolemeter" Applied Optics. 37. 6,961-970 (1998)
[Publications] Higurashi,A.,and T.Nakajima: "Development of a Two Channel Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm on Global Scale Using NOAA/AVHRR" J.Atmos.Sci.56. 924-941 (1999)
[Publications] Kuji,M.,T.Hayasaka,et al.: "The retrieval of effective particle radius and liquid water path of low-level marine clouds from NOAA AVHRR data" J.Appl.Meteor. (accepted.). (1998)
[Publications] Nakajima.T.,and A.Higurashi: "AVHRR remote sensing of aerosol optical properties in the Persian Gulf region,the summer 1991" J.Geophys.Res. 102. 16935-16946. (1997)
[Publications] von Hoyningen-Huene,W.,K.Wenzel et al.: "Columnar light absorption of aerosols derived from radiation closure measurements." J.Aerosol Science. 28. S657-S658 (1997)
[Publications] Wendisch,M.,S.Mertes,A.Ruggaber,and T.Nakajima: "Vertical profiles of aerosol and radiation under cloudless conditions : Measurements and radiative transfer calculations." J.Appl.Meteor. 35. 1703-1715 (1995)
[Publications] Xu,L.,J.Ding,and T.Takamura: "Scattering phase function of polydispersions of randomly oriented hexagonal ice crystals. in Satellite Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere II" Proceedings of SPIE. 3220. 26-30 (1998)
[Publications] M.Nishikiori,K.Kawamura et al.: "Distributions and historical records of aliphatic carboxylic acids in the H15 ice core from Antarctica" Proc.NIPR Symp.on Polar Meteorology and Glaciology. 11. 76-86 (1997)
[Publications] N.Ohkouchi,K.Kawamura and A.Taira: "Molecular paleoclimatology : reconstruction on climate variabilities in the late Quaternary" Org.Geochem. 27. 173-183 (1997)
[Publications] K.Kawamura: "Composition and photochemical transformation of organic aerosols from the Arctic" Global Environmental Research. Vol.2,No.1. 57-67 (1998)
[Publications] Nakajima,T.,and A.Higurashi: "A use of two-channel radiances for an aerosol characterization from space" Geophys.Res.Lett. 25. 3815-3818 (1998)
[Publications] Nakajima,T.,T.Hayasaka,et al.: "Aerosol optical properties of Persian Gulf region Part I.Ground-based solar radiation measurements in Iran." J.Appl.Meteor. 35. 1265-1278 (1996)
[Publications] Nakajima,T.,G.Tonna et al.: "Use of sky brightness measurements from ground for remote sensing of particulate polydispersions" App.Opt.35. 2672-2686. (1996)
[Publications] Nakajima,T.,Y.Awaya,et al.: "The current status of the ADEOS-II/GLI mission. Advanced and Next-Generation Satellities II,eds.H.Fujisada,G.Calamai,M.N.Sweeting" SPIE. 2957. 183-190. (1997)
[Publications] Nakajima,T.Y.,T.Nakajima,et al.: "Optimization of the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II Global Imager Channels by use of radiative transfer calculations." Appl.Opt. 37. 3149-3163. (1998)
[Publications] Nakajima,T.,A.Higurashi et al.: "Early phase analysis of OCTS radiance data for aerosol remote sensing" IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.(in press). (1999)
[Publications] K.Shibasaki,K.kita,N.Iwagami et al.: "OI 630 nm nightglow depletion observations at Watukosek. Indonesia,J.Geomag" Geoelectr. 49. S197-S204 (1997)
[Publications] M.Fujiwara,K.Kita,T.Ogawa: "Stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone associated with the equatorial Kelvin wave as observed with ozonesondes and rawinsondes" J.Geophys.Res. 103. 19173-19182 (1998)
[Publications] M.Fujiwara,K.Kita,S.Kawakami et al.: "Tropospheric ozone enhancements during the Indonesian forest fire events in 1994 and in 1997 as revealed by ground-based observations" Geophys.Res.Lett.(in press). (1999)
[Publications] Takahashi,M.,N.Zhao.T.Kumakura: "Equatorial waves in a general circulation model simulating a quasi biennial oscillation." J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 75. 529-540 (1997)
[Publications] Niwano,M.and M.Takahashi: "The influence of the equatorial QBO on the northern hemisphere winter circulation of a GCM." J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 76. 453-461 (1998)
[Publications] Nagashima,T,M.Takahashi.F.Hasebe: "The first simulation of an ozone QBO in a general circulation mode" Geophys.Res.Lett. 25. 3131-3134 (1998)
[Publications] K.Kawamura and F.Sakaguchi,: "Molecular distributions of water soluble dicarboxylic acids in marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean including tropics" J.Geophys.Res.(in press).
[Publications] K.kawamura,K.Yokoyama,Y.Fujiiand O.Watanabe: "Implication of azelaic acid in a Greenland ice core for oceanic and atmospheric change in high latitudes" Geophys.Res.Lett.(in press). (1999)
[Publications] 成川正広、河村公隆、竹内延夫、中嶋映至: "東南アジアで採取された粒径別エアロゾル試料中の低分子ジカルボン酸の組成" Researches in Organic Geochemistry. (投稿中). (1998)
[Publications] Uematsu,M.: "Distribution and characterization of Asian aerosols over the western North Pacific region"" Global Environmental Research. 2. 39-45 (1998)
[Publications] Imamura,T.,K.Kita,N.wagami,T.Ogawa: "Gravity wave signature simultaneously observed in the oxygen atom and electron density profiles in the lower thermosphere,Adv." Space Res. 19 (No.1). 145-148 (1997)
[Publications] Y.Zhao,Y.Kondo,FJ.Murcray et al.: "Carbon monoxide column abundance and tropospheric concentrations retrived from high resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra at 43.5N over Japan" J.Geophys.Res. 102. 23403-23411 (1997)
[Publications] Sato,K.,T.Kumakura.M.Takahashi: "Gravity waves appearing in a haigh-resolution GCM simulation." J.Atmos.Sci.,. 55 (in press). (1998)
[Publications] Takigawa,M.,M.Takahashi.H.kiyoshi: "Simulation of ozone and other chemical species using a CCSR/NIES AGCM with coupled stratospheric chemistry" J.Geophys.Res. (in press). (1998)
[Publications] Oki,R.,A.Sumi,D.A.Short: "TRMM Sampling of Radar-AMeDAS Rainfall using the Threshold" J.Appl.Meteor. 36. 1480-1492 (1997)
[Publications] Shen,X.,M.Kimoto.A.Sumi: "Role of Land Surface Processes associated with Interannual Variability of Broad-scale Asian Summer Monsoon as Simulated by the CCSR/NIES AGCM" J.Met.Soc.Japan. 76. 217-236 (1998)
[Publications] Godfrey,J.S.,J.S.,R.A.Houze et al.: "Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) : An interium report." J.Geophys.Res. 103. 14395-14450 (1998)
[Publications] Numaguti,A.: "Origin and recycling processes of precipitating water over the Eurasian continet : Experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model." J.Geophys.Res. (in press). (1998)

1998 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

アジア域における生物マス燃焼等広域大気汚染の気候影響研究に関する調査

Principal Investigator

中島 映至 東京大学, 気候システム研究センター, 教授 (60124608)

Research Products

[Publications] Chevert,P.,H.Isaka,and T.Nakajima: "Influence of crystal shapes on radiative fluxes in visible wavelength : ice crystals randomly oriented in space" Annalae Geophysicae. 14. 837-844. (1996)

[Publications] Fukushima,H.,A.Higurashi,et al.: "Correction of atmospheric effect on ADEOS/OCTS ocean color data : Algorithm description and evaluation of its performance" J.Oceanogr. (in press).

[Publications] Hayasaka,T.,Yasuhiko Megro,et al.: "Stratification and size distribution of aerosols retrieved from simultaneous measurements with lidar,a sun photometer,and an aureolemeter" Applied Optics. 37. 6,961-970 (1998)

[Publications] Higurashi,A.,and T.Nakajima: "Development of a Two Channel Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm on Global Scale Using NOAA/AVHRR" J.Atmos.Sci.56. 924-941 (1999)

[Publications] Kuji,M.,T.Hayasaka,et al.: "The retrieval of effective particle radius and liquid water path of low-level marine clouds from NOAA AVHRR data" J.Appl.Meteor. (accepted.). (1998)

[Publications] Nakajima.T.,and A.Higurashi: "AVHRR remote sensing of aerosol optical properties in the Persian Gulf region,the summer 1991" J.Geophys.Res. 102. 16935-16946. (1997)

[Publications] von Hoyningen-Huene,W.,K.Wenzel et al.: "Columnar light absorption of aerosols derived from radiation closure measurements." J.Aerosol Science. 28. S657-S658 (1997)

[Publications] Wendisch,M.,S.Mertes,A.Ruggaber,and T.Nakajima: "Vertical profiles of aerosol and radiation under cloudless conditions : Measurements and radiative transfer calculations." J.Appl.Meteor. 35. 1703-1715 (1995)

[Publications] Xu,L.,J.Ding,and T.Takamura: "Scattering phase function of polydispersions of randomly oriented hexagonal ice crystals. in Satellite Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere II" Proceedings of SPIE. 3220. 26-30 (1998)

[Publications] M.Nishikiori,K.Kawamura et al.: "Distributions and historical records of aliphatic carboxylic acids in the H15 ice core from Antarctica" Proc.NIPR Symp.on Polar Meteorology and Glaciology. 11. 76-86 (1997)

[Publications] N.Ohkouchi,K.Kawamura and A.Taira: "Molecular paleoclimatology : reconstruction on climate variabilities in the late Quaternary" Org.Geochem. 27. 173-183 (1997)

[Publications] K.Kawamura: "Composition and photochemical transformation of organic aerosols from the Arctic" Global Environmental Research. Vol.2,No.1. 57-67 (1998)

[Publications] Nakajima,T.,and A.Higurashi: "A use of two-channel radiances for an aerosol characterization from space" Geophys.Res.Lett. 25. 3815-3818 (1998)

[Publications] Nakajima,T.,T.Hayasaka,et al.: "Aerosol optical properties of Persian Gulf region Part I.Ground-based solar radiation measurements in Iran." J.Appl.Meteor. 35. 1265-1278 (1996)

[Publications] Nakajima,T.,G.Tonna et al.: "Use of sky brightness measurements from ground for remote sensing of particulate polydispersions" App.Opt.35. 2672-2686. (1996)

[Publications] Nakajima,T.,Y.Awaya,et al.: "The current status of the ADEOS-II/GLI mission. Advanced and Next-Generation Satellities II,eds.H.Fujisada,G.Calamai,M.N.Sweeting" SPIE. 2957. 183-190. (1997)

[Publications] Nakajima,T.Y.,T.Nakajima,et al.: "Optimization of the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II Global Imager Channels by use of radiative transfer calculations." Appl.Opt. 37. 3149-3163. (1998)

[Publications] Nakajima,T.,A.Higurashi et al.: "Early phase analysis of OCTS radiance data for aerosol remote sensing" IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.(in press). (1999)

[Publications] K.Shibasaki,K.kita,N.Iwagami et al.: "OI 630 nm nightglow depletion observations at Watukosek. Indonesia,J.Geomag" Geoelectr. 49. S197-S204 (1997)

[Publications] M.Fujiwara,K.Kita,T.Ogawa: "Stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone associated with the equatorial Kelvin wave as observed with ozonesondes and rawinsondes" J.Geophys.Res. 103. 19173-19182 (1998)

[Publications] M.Fujiwara,K.Kita,S.Kawakami et al.: "Tropospheric ozone enhancements during the Indonesian forest fire events in 1994 and in 1997 as revealed by ground-based observations" Geophys.Res.Lett.(in press). (1999)

[Publications] Takahashi,M.,N.Zhao.T.Kumakura: "Equatorial waves in a general circulation model simulating a quasi biennial oscillation." J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 75. 529-540 (1997)

[Publications] Niwano,M.and M.Takahashi: "The influence of the equatorial QBO on the northern hemisphere winter circulation of a GCM." J.Meteor.Soc.Japan. 76. 453-461 (1998)

[Publications] Nagashima,T,M.Takahashi.F.Hasebe: "The first simulation of an ozone QBO in a general circulation mode" Geophys.Res.Lett. 25. 3131-3134 (1998)

[Publications] K.Kawamura and F.Sakaguchi,: "Molecular distributions of water soluble dicarboxylic acids in marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean including tropics" J.Geophys.Res.(in press).

[Publications] K.kawamura,K.Yokoyama,Y.Fujiiand O.Watanabe: "Implication of azelaic acid in a Greenland ice core for oceanic and atmospheric change in high latitudes" Geophys.Res.Lett.(in press). (1999)

[Publications] 成川正広、河村公隆、竹内延夫、中嶋映至: "東南アジアで採取された粒径別エアロゾル試料中の低分子ジカルボン酸の組成" Researches in Organic Geochemistry. (投稿中). (1998)

[Publications] Uematsu,M.: "Distribution and characterization of Asian aerosols over the western North Pacific region"" Global Environmental Research. 2. 39-45 (1998)

[Publications] Imamura,T.,K.Kita,N.wagami,T.Ogawa: "Gravity wave signature simultaneously observed in the oxygen atom and electron density profiles in the lower thermosphere,Adv." Space Res. 19 (No.1). 145-148 (1997)

[Publications] Y.Zhao,Y.Kondo,FJ.Murcray et al.: "Carbon monoxide column abundance and tropospheric concentrations retrived from high resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra at 43.5N over Japan" J.Geophys.Res. 102. 23403-23411 (1997)

[Publications] Sato,K.,T.Kumakura.M.Takahashi: "Gravity waves appearing in a haigh-resolution GCM simulation." J.Atmos.Sci.,. 55 (in press). (1998)

[Publications] Takigawa,M.,M.Takahashi.H.kiyoshi: "Simulation of ozone and other chemical species using a CCSR/NIES AGCM with coupled stratospheric chemistry" J.Geophys.Res. (in press). (1998)

[Publications] Oki,R.,A.Sumi,D.A.Short: "TRMM Sampling of Radar-AMeDAS Rainfall using the Threshold" J.Appl.Meteor. 36. 1480-1492 (1997)

[Publications] Shen,X.,M.Kimoto.A.Sumi: "Role of Land Surface Processes associated with Interannual Variability of Broad-scale Asian Summer Monsoon as Simulated by the CCSR/NIES AGCM" J.Met.Soc.Japan. 76. 217-236 (1998)

[Publications] Godfrey,J.S.,J.S.,R.A.Houze et al.: "Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) : An interium report." J.Geophys.Res. 103. 14395-14450 (1998)

[Publications] Numaguti,A.: "Origin and recycling processes of precipitating water over the Eurasian continet : Experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model." J.Geophys.Res. (in press). (1998)

中島映至東京大学, 気候システム研究センター, 教授 (60124608)