2001 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Bipedal walking: a human adaptability
| Project/Area Number |
11304059
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
人類学(含生理人類学)
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| Research Institution | The University of Tokyo |
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Principal Investigator |
KIMURA Tasuku The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Professor, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (20161565)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
YAMAZAKI Nobutoshi Keio University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Professor, 理工学部, 教授 (70101996)
KIMURA Tadanao University of Shizuoka, School of Nursing, Professor, 看護学部, 教授 (70102374)
ISHIDA Hidemi Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Professor, 大学院・理学研究科, 教授 (60027480)
ADACHI Kazutaka University of Tsukuba, Institute of Health & Sport Sciences, Assistant Professor, 体育科学系, 講師 (70221041)
KUMAKURA Hiroo Osaka University, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Associate Professor, 大学院・人間科学研究科, 助教授 (00178063)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1999 – 2001
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| Keywords | Bipedalism / Evolution / Human / Primates / Ontogenetic development / Aging / Locomotion / Biomechanics |
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| Research Abstract |
Human bipedal walking was studied from two points of view: 1) Phylogenetic development viewed from the primate model; and 2) Ontogenetic development from the growth and aging model. The two viewpoints light up the bipedalism of the present humans in the elderly societies which appeared first time during the human history. A part of the study was printed in a booklet. Individual research projects performed were as follows: Tasuku Kimura measured primate limb bones and their morphology was compared to the locomotor repertoires, especially on the functional differentiation between fore- and hindlimbs; Adachi recorded kinematics of elderly walking on the staircase and examined the aging effects; Ishida studied three-dimensionally the patella of Nacholapithecus, a Tertially hominoid, and discussed the evolution of hominoid locomotion; Okada examined the muscle of elderly persons and discussed the delay of the contraction speed; Tadanao Kimura observed the aging change in the composition and area of muscle fibers and found the deformation and reduction of the white muscle fibers; Kumakura analyzed the function of the stenocleidomastoid muscle in counting muscle spindles of macaques and studying the EMG of humans; Takahashi analyzed the sexual differences of hip bones from three-dimensional measurements on 119 recent human bones; Nishizawa reported the characteristics of the elderly walking by means of the principal component analysis; Hamada analyzed the quadrupedal locomotion of anthropoids in the field; Matsumura CT-scaned the total length of human and chimpanzee femora and compared them with the fossil hominid femora; and Yamazaki showed the meaning of the spinal forward bending at hip by means of the computer simulation using a three-dimensional neuro-muscular-skeletal model.
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[Publications] Matsumura, A., Takahashi, Y., Ishida, H., Okada, M.: "Adaptation of rat femur to bipedal standing exercise: analysis from the viewpoint of bone density and cross-sectional geometry., Soc. Biomechanisms (ed.), Biomechanisms 15"Univ. of Tokyo Press, Tokyo. 89-95 (2000)
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