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2001 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

Environmental changes at mass extinction events

Research Project

Project/Area Number 11440152
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Stratigraphy/Paleontology
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

KAIHO Kunio  Tohoku University, Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Professor, 大学院・理学研究科, 教授 (00143082)

Project Period (FY) 1999 – 2001
KeywordsMass extinction / Ordovician / Permian / Sulfur isotope / Carbon isotope / Element / Clay mineral / Strontium isotope
Research Abstract

Mass extinction occurred at the end of the Ordovician (440 Ma). In China, we found that a rapid decrease in biomass coincided with a significant increase in typical pyrosynthetic PAHs such as coronene.
Paleozoic life on this planet was almost lost by double mass extinction events at the Guadalupian-Lopingian (G-L) boundary (258 Ma) and the end Permian (251 Ma). We clarify coincidence of negative excursions of sulfate sulfur, some anoxic evidences, and significant decreases in marine invertebrate fossils and possible proxies for biomass including phosphorous at the end Guadalupian (〜258 Ma) in southern China. The coincidence suggests that massive release of isotopically right sulfur from the mantle, crust, or sediments to the ocean-atmosphere system, leading to significant oxygen consumption, oceanic anoxia, and the severe biotic crisis.
Our studies in southern China have revealed a remarkable sulfur and strontium isotope excursion at the end of the Permian, along with a coincident concen … More tration of impact-metamorphosed grains and kaolinite and a significant decrease in manganese, phosphorous, calcium, and microfossils (foraminifera). These data suggest that an asteroid or a comet hit the ocean at the end of the Permian and caused a rapid and massive release of sulfur from the mantle to the ocean-atmosphere system, leading to significant oxygen consumption, acid rain, and the most severe biotic crisis in the history of life on Earth. We also found coincidental decreases in the stable carbon isotope ratio of n-C_<27> alkane (originated from terrestrial higher plant) and marine carbonate (bulk and brachiopod shell) and coincidental increases in the strontium isotope ratio of clastics and organic carbon content during the period immediately following the end-Permian mass extinction. The data suggest that a gradual release of CO_2 occurred during the 10^4 to 10^5 years after the event due to (1) decomposition of methane hydrate caused by warming and (2) denudation of soil and sediments caused by the collapse of forests at the end of the Permian. Less

  • Research Products

    (14 results)

All Other

All Publications (14 results)

  • [Publications] Chen, Z., Shi, G.R., Kaiho, K.: "A new genus of Rhynchonellid brachiopod from the Lower Triassic of South China and implications for timing the recovery of brachiopoda after the end-Permian mass extinction"Palaeontology. 45. 149-164 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kaiho, K., Kajiwara, Y., Nakano, T., Miura, Y., Kawahata, H., Tazaki, K., et al.: "End-Permian catastrophe by a bolide impact : evidence of a gigantic release of sulfur from the mantle"Geology. 29. 815-818 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Arinobu, T., Ishiwatari, R., Kaiho, K., Lamolda, M.A.: "Spike of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with an abrupt decrease in 8^<13>C of a terrestrial biomarker at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Caravaca, Spain"Geology. 27. 723-726 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kaiho, K., Kajiwara, Y., Tazaki, K., Ueshima, M., Takeda, N., et al.: "Oceanic primary productivity and dissolved oxygen levels at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary : Their decrease, subsequent warming and recovery"Paleoceanography. 14. 511-524 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kaiho, K.: "Evolution in the test size of deep-sea benthic foraminifera during the past 120 m.y."Marine Micropaleontology. 37. 53-65 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Kaiho, K., Lamolda, M.A.: "Catastrophic extinction of planktonic foraminifera at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary evidenced by stable isotopes and foraminiferal abundance at Caravaca, Spain"Geology. 27. 355-358 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Publications] Chen, Z., Shi, G.R., and Kaiho, K.: "2002, A new genus of Rhynchonellid brachiopod from the Lower Triassic of South China and implications for timing the recovery of brachiopoda after the end-Permian mass extinction."Paleontology. v. 45. 149-164 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kaiho, K., Kajiwara, Y., Nakano, T., Miura, Y., Kawahata, H., Tazaki, K., Ueshima,M., Chen, Z., and Shi, G.R.: "End-Permian catastrophe by a bolide impact: evidence of a gigantic release of sulfur from the mantle."Geology. v. 29. 815-818 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kroon, D., Dickens, G., Erbacher, J., Herbert, T., Jansa, L., Hugh Jenkyns, Kunio Kaiho, Dennis Kent, Mark Leckie, Richard Norris, Isabella Premoli-Silva, James Zachos, and Frank Bassinot: "Excerpts from the final report of the JOIDES extreme climates program."JOIDES Journal. v. 26. 17-28 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Arinobu, T., Ishiwatari, R., Kaiho, K., and Lamolda, M.A.: "Spike of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with an abrupt decrease in δ^<13>C of a terrestrial biomarker at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Caravaca, Spain."Geology. v. 27. 723-726 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kaiho, K., Kajiwara, Y., Tazaki, K., Ueshima, M., Takeda, N., Kawahata, H., Arinobu, T., Ishiwatari, R., Hirai, A., and Lamolda, M.A.: "Oceanic primary productivity and dissolved oxygen levels at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Their decrease, subsequent warming, and recovery."Paleoceanography. v. 14. 511-524 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kaiho, K.: "Effect of organic carbon flux and dissolved oxygen on the benthic foraminiferal oxygen index (BFOI)."Marine Micropaleontology. v. 37. 67-76 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kaiho, K.: "Evolution in the test size of deep-sea benthic foraminifera during the past 120m.y."Marine Micropaleontology. v. 37. 53-65 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Publications] Kaiho, K. and Lamolda, M A.: "Catastrophic extinction of planktonic foraminifera at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary evidenced by stable isotopes and foraminiferal abundance at Caravaca, Spain."Geology. v. 27. 355-358 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 2003-09-17  

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