| Project/Area Number |
11557023
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 展開研究 |
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| Research Field |
Bacteriology (including Mycology)
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| Research Institution | Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine |
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Principal Investigator |
IMANISHI Ken-ichi Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Associate Professor, 医学部, 助教授 (20132920)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
FUJIMAKI Wakae Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, a medical school, Professor, 医学部, 助手 (90256496)
YAGI Junji Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, a medical school, Professor, 医学部, 講師 (70182300)
UCHIYAMA Takehiko Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, a medical school, Professor, 医学部, 教授 (00050550)
AKIYAMA TOHRU (MIYOSHI Tohru) Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, a medical school, Professor, 医学部, 助手 (20246466)
KATO Hidehito Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, a medical school, Professor, 医学部, 助手 (00241084)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1999 – 2002
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| Keywords | T cells / superantigen / infectious diseases / γδT cells / toxic shock syndrome / renal cell carcinoma / neonatal toxic shock syndrome-like exanthematous disease |
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| Research Abstract |
1. By analyzing T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ2 vs CD45RO expression in T cells from patients with neonatal exanthematous disease in acute phase, we discovered an emerging neonatal infectious disease, neonatal toxic shock syndrome-like exanthematous disease (NTED), which is induced by TSST-1 produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Using the same method, we provided early and definitive diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Furthermore, we observed that, in the early acute phase of NTED patients, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of Vβ2^+ T cells in peripheral blood T cells before the usual increase.
2. To see abnormal reactions seen in TSS we made two models using rabbits and mice by long-term exposure to superantigen in implanted osmotic pumps. In the model using rabbits, we observed acute and systemic abnormal reactions and very high mortality rate. In the model using mice, we found that the level of the superantigen-reactive CD4^+ T cell fraction
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s varies widely depending on TCR Vβ elements expressed and that the reactive CD4^+ T cells acquire a capacity to raise a memory response. CD8^+ T cells are low responders to superantigen.
3. The study of T cell changes in response to infection is useful not only for humans but also other animals. Streptococcus dysgalactiae-derived mitogen (SDM) was recently identified from a bovine isolate of S. dysgalactiae. A comparison of its effects on human and bovine PBMC revealed that it acts as a superantigen on both species. The superantigen SpeC, which is a product of the predominantly human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, also activates corresponding T cells in human and bovine systems. SDM however, has a much more potent effect on bovine cells than human cells and is more likely to have a pathogenic role in S. dysgalactiae infections of cows than humans.
4. It is known that human γδT cells defend the body against infection. We observed that the number of γδT cells was elevated in the peripheral blood in patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCC), and that the level of the γδT cells decreased after surgery. Our finding suggest that γδT cells provide innate immunity against RCC. Less
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