2000 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
New approaches to eliminate filariasis in Sri Lanka
| Project/Area Number |
11691224
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 海外学術 |
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| Research Field |
寄生虫学(含医用動物学)
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| Research Institution | Aichi Medical University |
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Principal Investigator |
KIMURA Eisaku Aichi Med.Univ.School of Med., Professor, 医学部, 教授 (70153187)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
FUJIMAKI Yasunori Nagasaki Univ., Inst.Trop.Med., Lecturer, 熱帯医学研究所, 講師 (10209083)
ISOGAI Yoshinori Nihon Fukushi Univ., Facul.Social & Info.sci., Professor, 情報社会科学部, 教授 (60079697)
ITOH Makoto Aichi Med.Univ.School of Med., Assoc.Prof., 医学部, 助教授 (90137117)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1999 – 2000
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| Keywords | Wuchereria bancrofti / GIS / ELISA / circulating antigen / urine / Sri Lanka |
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| Research Abstract |
1. Treatment experiments : A study on the effects of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) alone, albendazole (ALB) alone, combinations of ALB plus ivermectin, and DEC plus ALB has been conducted by monitoring microfilaria counts and antigen levels every 4 months. At 20 months post infection, DEC alone was as effective as the combination therapies, which have been said to be more effective due to synergy.
2. Establishment and application of immunodiagnosis using urine as samples : IgG4 ELISA using urine without concentration has been developed. The 'urine ELISA' has the sensitivity of 95.6% and the specificity of 99.0%. The samples could be kept at 37℃ for 4 weeks without deterioration, and the timing of urine collection did not influence IgG4 titers. ICT test, which detects filarial antigen, and urine ELISA were compared on 473 subjects. The latter detected 2.5 times more infection.
The IgG4 positive rate of children of age<10 years was 72.1% which was similar to that of adults.
The urine ELISA is applicable to infants and very young children. The positive rate and the IgG4 titers among the newborns will provide valuable information for understanding transmission kinetics of filariasis.
3. Distribution map of filariasis : A survey was done using a questionnaire to about 2500 village leaders in Matara District (population 900,000) asking the prevalence of elephantiasis and hydrocele, and socio-economic status. The study revealed that, contrary to the past belief,
elephantiasis and hydrocele are widespread in the District. Gradual spread of filariasis in the past decades toward inland was confirmed.
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