2004 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
An essay to introduce the drive (=instinct)-theory and the secend topology of Freud into the Kafka-study
| Project/Area Number |
13610627
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
独語・独文学
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| Research Institution | Yamaguchi University |
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Principal Investigator |
KAWANAKA Masahiko Yamaguchi-University, Faculty of Engineering, Professor, 工学部, 教授 (20035158)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2001 – 2004
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| Keywords | Kafka / Freud / psychoanalysis / melancholy / hysteria / dissolution and sublimation of drives / the three divisions of the total Ego / the second topology |
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| Research Abstract |
My essay to introduce the drive(=instinct)-theory and the second topology of Freud into the Kafka-study is achieved through three publications, the analysis of "The Judgment" (I), (II) and of "The Stoker". These essays are new in two points.
1)Four types of figures are found through the analysis of the works of Kafka. The ego, the id, the protective superego and the accusing superego. These four types are common in his novels and stories. Georg Bendeman, the Russian friend, Georg's father before the "metamorphosis" (a radical character-change) and Georg's father after the "metamorphosis" are the ego, the id, the protective (friendly)superego and the accusing (strict) superego. In <The Stoker>, Karl Rossmann, the stoker, Karl's uncle, and Karl's father are these four types. In "The Metamorphosis", Gregor Samsa before the metamorphosis, Gregor after the metamorphosis, his father before the "metamorphosis" and his father after the "metamorphosis" constitute these four types. In <The Penal Colony>, the explorer, the soldier, the present commandant and the last commandant and the officer constitute these four types. This schema can be found through deep psychoanalytic research.
2)In <The Judgment>, Georg's father sentences his own son to death by drowning without reason to do so. This behavior, which is hard to comprehend, can be explained only by the dissolution of drives in melancholy. The Life-Drive(=Instinct) and the Death-Drive are mixed in the id under normal conditions, but the dissolution of drives occurs in melancholy, and the inflow of the Death-Drive begins from the Id into the superego. The Russian friend as Kafka as poet is a purified Eros (the function of integration), because the literature is nothing other than a work of integration of ego. The inflow of Death-Drive makes the father so brutal to sentence his own son to death.
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