2003 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
The Development of Public Saving and Giro Institutions and its Significance in German Financial Structure 1908-1935
| Project/Area Number |
13630088
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Economic history
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| Research Institution | Shiga University |
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Principal Investigator |
MITSUISHI Ikuo Shiga University, Faculty of Economics, Professor, 経済学部, 教授 (50174066)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2001 – 2003
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| Keywords | saving bank / Weimar / Nazi / financial crisis / banking law / liquidity / financial regulation / communal credit |
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| Research Abstract |
In this rearch programme I wish to analyse the development of saving banks and giro institutions of German public financial institutions mainly in the interwar periode. As the result, I arrived at two points of new aspect and fact.
First, saving bank was originally established as a public institution, therefore it gave credit often to its local commune and reversely this guaranteed the deposit of its saving bank. While its business expanded to a universal bank at the early twenties, separate saving bank was financially integrated first to the provincial or state giro institution, and then to the national institution (Deutsche Girozentrale). In the financial crisis of 1931 they suffered liquidity of its frozen credit to local governments and reduced its assetts and deposits. However, saving and giro institutions, which got the independent corporation by the law of Reichsgesetz uber das Kreditwesen in 1934, recovered from the Great Depression faster than the Berliner Big Banks.
Secondary, the active municipal investment to infrastructure, facilities and house construction of the twenties were financed with domestic deposit fund collected by saving banks and financed through giro institutions. They gave credit also to the middle and small enterprises, which were not taken into account by the Big Banks. After the Nazi came into power in 1933, there appeared a new financial channel from saving and giro institutions through the long government bonds to the munitious industries with the means of special bills. These institutions became one of the important instruments for the Nazi financial system with the purpose of armament.
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