| Research Abstract |
This study consists of 7 clinical studies on pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) not other wise specified (PDDNOS) or atypical autism (AA), which are the majority of PDD and many of which are high-functioning (IQ【greater than or equal】70).
Study I : Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Tokyo Version (CARS-TV) total score was compared between 430 PDD children and 75 children with mental retardation and no history of PDD (MR) and among 4 PDD subgroups (i.e., autistic disorder [AD], childhood disintegrative disorder [CDD], Asperger's disorder [ASD], PDDNOS). The total score was significantly higher in PDD than MR, AD and CDD than PDDNOS and ASD, and PDDNOS than ASD. Its cutoffs were 25.5/26 for PDD/MR and 30/30.5 for AD/PDDNOS.
Study II : Autism Spectrum Quotient Japanese Version (AQ-J) score had good reliability, was significantly higher in 15 male adolescents with high-functioning PDD (HPDD) than 49 controls, and its HPDD cutoff was 26.
Study III : When 53 high-functioning AA children and 21 h
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igh-functioning childhood autism children were compared on CARS-TV items with IQ and CARS TV total score controlled for, the former was significantly less abnormal in interpersonal relations and general impressions and significantly stronger in anxiety reaction.
Study IV : Head circumference was not significantly different among 143 AA, 95 CA and normative data in infants, while it was significantly larger in females than males in both AA and CA groups.
Study V : When IQ, gender and age matched (n=22) high-functioning PDDNOS patients and attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder patients were compared on WISC-R, the former was significantly more inferior in verbal IQ, verbal comprehension, vocabulary, comprehension, and more excellent in block design, coding and processing speed.
Study VI : In 19 AD, 59 PDDNOS, 24 MR without PDD history, in whom the Child Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (CBQ-R) was administered in 4 to 6 years and 24-36 months later, there was no transaction between diagnosis and time and there existed IQ increase and CBQ-R score decrease in the three groups.
Study VII : At average 20 years, 41 AA was significantly lower in the degree of autism and higher in the rate of high-functioning than 83 CA. Less
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