2005 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Phylogeny and diversity of deep-sea chemosynthetic symbionts and their host animals
| Project/Area Number |
14340268
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
系統・分類
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| Research Institution | HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY |
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Principal Investigator |
NAGANUMA Takeshi HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Associate Professor, 大学院・生物圏科学研究科, 助教授 (70263738)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
FUJIKURA Katsunori Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Extremobiosphere Research Center, Sub-leader, 極限環境生物圏研究センター, 研究サブリーダー (10344293)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2002 – 2005
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| Keywords | pogonophoran / bivalve / hydrothermal vent / methane seep / Suiyo Seamount / Mid-Okinawa Trough / Sagami Bay / Kuroshima Knoll |
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| Research Abstract |
The genes encoding key enzymes for chemosynthesis and methanotrophy, RuBisCO and pmoA, respectively, were first endosymbiotically localized in parallel with symbiont-specific 16S rRNA genes in the tissues of pogonophorans and bivalves inhabiting hydrothermal vents and methane seeps by in situ hybridization (ISH). The ISH revealed that :
(1) pogonophoran symbionts are sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophs or methanotrophs ;
(2) pogonophoran hosts may harbor more than one symbiont species ; and
(3) bivalve hosts may harbor both sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophs and methanotrophs simultaneously.
Other major findings relevant to chemoautotrophy, methanotrophy and related redox processes are :
(4) some euryhaline halophiles that have been regarded as heterotrophs are chemosutotrophs ;
(5) euryhaline halophiles occur in hydrothermal vents, methane seeps and other extreme environments ; and
(6) some halophiles accelerate precipitation of authigenic carbonate rocks in methane seeps.
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