2003 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Research on New Grant Systems Supporting Community Development
| Project/Area Number |
14550606
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Town planning/Architectural planning
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| Research Institution | Yokohama National University |
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Principal Investigator |
TAKAMIZAWA Minoru YNU, Fuculty of Engineering, Associate Professor, 大学院・工学研究院, 助教授 (70188085)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2002 – 2003
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| Keywords | Community Development / Grant / Lottery Fund |
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| Research Abstract |
In urbanized society, it is urgently needed to enable citizens to engage in creating their own neighborhoods. Roles of the state should change from direct provider to enabling one. This research deals with new grant systems that make such transformation as much as possible. The lottery fund in Britain introduced in 1993 is the main subject of this research. The lottery fund consists of five good causes and independent distribution bodies for each god cause was established. In this research, Millennium lottery fund, Heritage lottery fund, Art lottery fund and Charity lottery fund are picked up and details of practice and performance are clarified through case studies, statistics and official documents. The lottery fund is one of the 'challenge funds' introduced in 1990s and it has the same characteristics as other 'challenge funds' such as competitive proposal system and creation of partnerships At the beginning, proposals for each distribution bodies are evaluated without consistent policy due to inflexible legislation systems. However, in 1998, main legislation was devised and each distribution bodies obtained discretionary power to distribute lottery fund according to their own policy. another important concept of this und is 'additionality' i.e. this fund is to be given mainly when the proposal can not be realisad by the ordinary public expenditure.
In Japan, there are few independent fund and the amount of fund is limited. The lottery system is managed by a small number of municipalities and the fund is into the general account because the lottery money is controlled in the system of the Local Tax Law. When we create new fund systems to enable citizens think, act and create our own environment, output of this research should be one of the important materials.
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