2006 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Effects of climate warming on activity of the soil borne plant pathogens in Polar Regions
| Project/Area Number |
15510028
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Environmental impact assessment/Environmental policy
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| Research Institution | Osaka PrePecturc Vniersity |
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Principal Investigator |
TOJO Motoaki Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Associate Professor, 生命環境科学研究科, 助教授 (90254440)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2003 – 2006
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| Keywords | polar regions / plant pathogen / soil fungi / Pythium / global warming / moss / vascular plants |
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| Research Abstract |
Plant pathogens can effect individual growth and community structure in natural ecosystems. Climate warming may enhance their activity and lead to dying of plants in Polar Regions and Alpines. To clarify effects of climate warming on population of plant pathogens in these cold regions, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of some indigenous plant pathogens were studied.
Pythium spp., known as soil borne plant pathogens, were isolated from moss in Svalbard, Greenland and Norwegian Alpine. The total 314 isolates were identified as unknown Pythium species 1 to 4. Most of them showed pathogenicity to a moss (Sanionia uncinata) and wheat leaves in an in vitro inoculation test. Their optimum temperatures for hyphal growth on an agar culture were 22 to 28℃. These results suggest climate warming may enhance activity of Pythium spp. and lead to dying of the moss in the cold regions.
Population changes of Pythium spp. was investigated in moss colonies on Svalbard, Norway in every summer from 2003 to 2006 by isolation of pathogens using a Pythium selective medium. Pythium population was significantly higher in 2005 and 2006 than in 2003 and 2004. Plant surface temperature patterns were not varied among the years and had no affect Pythium populations. The other environmental factors such as soil moisture may affect the changes of Pythium population and is remained to be investigated.
The effects of the smut fungus Microbotryum bistortarum on survival and growth of Polygonum viviparum in Svalbard, Norway. The results suggested infection by M.bistortarum can negatively impact populations of P.viviparum in the high arctic region by lowering plant growth and longevity.
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