2004 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
A Study on Public University Policy in Japan before the World War II
| Project/Area Number |
15530512
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Educaion
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| Research Institution | Nagoya University |
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Principal Investigator |
YOSHIKAWA Takuji Nagoya University, Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Associate Professor, 大学院・教育発達科学研究科, 助教授 (50230694)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2003 – 2004
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| Keywords | Public University / local autonomous body / Special College Ordinance / University Ordinance / Education Survey Council / Extraordinary Commission on Education / 8-Year-Plan for Establishment of National Institution of Higher Education / Policy Affairs Research Council |
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| Research Abstract |
The aim of this research project was to clarify historical characteristics of public university policy in Japan before the World War II. The Research primarily revealed the following :
(1)The bankruptcy and defeat of the 8-Year-Plan for Establishment of National Institution of Higher Education (1899) gave the Ministry of Education a critical moment to change the front to give sanction to local autonomous body (prefecture and city) to establish a public institution of higher education.
(2)The Policy Affairs Research Council, which was established by Katsura Cabinet in 1902 to plan out administrative readjustment, accepted the new policy of the Ministry of Education and submitted a report. The Ministry of Education constituted the Special College Ordinance (1903), by which local autonomous body could establish a public institution of special college, taking the report on the administrative readjustment and the Ministry's own original ideas.
(3)The University Ordinance was enacted to permit local autonomous body to establish university following the final report of the Extraordinary Commission on Education in 1918. On the other hand the ordinance restricted the right to establishment of university by local autonomous body only in the special case. This paradox came from the situation that the Administration needed many universities to promote science technology in order to prepare for a total war such as the World War I, while they couldn't permit autonomous body, which was controlled by political parties, to spend too much money because they needed to avoid fiscal crisis.
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