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2015 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

1光子検出の感度および線形・高飽和性能を有するCMOS撮像素子の創出

Research Project

Project/Area Number 15H02245
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

須川 成利  東北大学, 工学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (70321974)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 黒田 理人  東北大学, 工学(系)研究科(研究院), 准教授 (40581294)
Project Period (FY) 2015-04-01 – 2018-03-31
Keywords電子デバイス・機器 / センシングデバイス / 撮像素子
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

(1) 横型オーバーフロー蓄積容量(LOFIC)を用いたCMOS撮像素子の画素内電荷電圧変換ゲインを極大化するデバイス構造・プロセス技術を開発した。具体的には、開発したテスト回路によって明らかにした、現状のフローティングディフュージョン容量(CFD)の構成因子の中で高い割合を占めるゲートオーバーラップ容量とPN接合容量を低減するため、ゲート電極エッチング直後のイオン注入工程の排除、N型拡散層直下のP型濃度の低減、N型拡散層形成用のイオン注入ドーズの低減を行った。その結果、設計・試作したCMOSイメージセンサにおいてCFDを0.66fFまで低減することに成功し、243μV/電子の電荷電圧変換ゲインを達成した。

(2) 撮像信号読出しに重畳するノイズを極小化し、入力換算ノイズを低減するための低ノイズ画素内ソースフォロワトランジスタと低ノイズ列回路を開発した。具体的には、これまでの研究で統計的に低ノイズ化に効果があることを明らかにした埋め込みチャネル構造の画素内ソースフォロワへの適用と、画素列毎に高・低ゲインアンプの導入を行った。高い電荷電圧変換ゲインで電圧に変換した高感度画素信号を高・低ゲインアンプを介して第1-1信号、第1-2信号として読み出し、低い電荷電圧変換ゲインで電圧に変換した高飽和画素信号をゲインアンプを介さない信号経路で第2信号として読み出し、3つの信号を合成することで1回の露光期間で100dBのダイナミックレンジにおいて線形応答を得る方式を開発した。設計・試作したCMOSイメージセンサ試作機において第1-1信号では、16倍のゲインアンプを用いることで、入力換算のノイズ電圧を100μVに低減し、(1)で明らかにした低CFD構造と合わせることで入力換算で0.46電子のノイズ特性を達成した。さらに、1光子検出を達成するためのさらなる低ノイズ化のための最適化指針を得た。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

当初は個別に取り組む計画であった画素内電荷電圧変換ゲインの極大化と列回路の低ノイズ化について、平成27年度内に上記2つ技術を組み合わせた効果を測定・評価できるCMOSイメージセンサの試作機を設計・試作し、最終的な性能指標である入力換算ノイズ電子数において性能を評価することのできるCMOSイメージセンサの基盤を前倒しして築いた。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

平成27年度に達成した243μV/電子の電荷電圧変換ゲインと100μVの入力換算ノイズについて、それぞれフローティングディフュージョン部形成のプロセス・レイアウト条件の最適化、列毎に設けたゲインアンプの回路パラメータの最適化をすることで、250~300μV/電子の電荷電圧変換ゲインと50~60μVの入力換算ノイズを達成し、1光子検出に求められる入力換算ノイズ電子数である0.2個を達成すると共に、5万個以上の飽和電荷数を両立する。

  • Research Products

    (33 results)

All 2016 2015

All Journal Article (12 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 12 results,  Open Access: 5 results,  Acknowledgement Compliant: 2 results) Presentation (21 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 15 results,  Invited: 5 results)

  • [Journal Article] Analysis and reduction of leakage current of 2 kV monolithic isolator with wide trench spiral isolation structure2016

    • Author(s)
      Yusuke Takeuchi, Rihito Kuroda and Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 55 Pages: 04EF07-1-5

    • DOI

      http://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.55.04EF07

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Analysis and Reduction Technologies of Floating Diffusion Capacitance in CMOS Image Sensor for Photon-Countable Sensitivity2016

    • Author(s)
      Fumiaki Kusuhara, Shunichi Wakashima, Satoshi Nasuno, Rihito Kuroda, Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Journal Title

      ITE Transactions on Media Technology and Applications

      Volume: 4 Pages: 91-98

    • DOI

      http://doi.org/10.3169/mta.4.91

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Floating Capacitor Load Readout Operation for Small, Low Power Consumption and High S/N Ratio CMOS Image Sensors2016

    • Author(s)
      Shunichi Wakashima, Fumiaki Kusuhara, Rihito Kuroda, Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Journal Title

      ITE Transactions on Media Technology and Applications

      Volume: 4 Pages: 99-108

    • DOI

      http://doi.org/10.3169/mta.4.99

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A High Quantum Efficiency High Readout Speed 1024 Pixel Ultraviolet-Visible-Near Infrared Waveband Photodiode Array2016

    • Author(s)
      Rihito Kuroda, Takahiro Akutsu, Yasumasa Koda, Kenji Takubo, Hideki Tominaga, Ryuta Hirose, Tomohiro Karasawa, Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Journal Title

      ITE Transactions on Media Technology and Applications

      Volume: 4 Pages: 109-115

    • DOI

      http://doi.org/10.3169/mta.4.109

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A CMOS Image Sensor with 240 μV/e- Conversion Gain, 200 ke- Full Well Capacity, 190-1000 nm Spectral Response and High Robustness to UV light2016

    • Author(s)
      Satoshi Nasuno, Shunichi Wakashima, Fumiaki Kusuhara, Rihito Kuroda, Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Journal Title

      ITE Transactions on Media Technology and Applications

      Volume: 4 Pages: 116-122

    • DOI

      http://doi.org/10.3169/mta.4.116

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A 20Mfps Global Shutter CMOS Image Sensor with Improved Light Sensitivity and Power Consumption Performances2016

    • Author(s)
      Rihito Kuroda, Yasuhisa Tochigi, Ken Miyauchi, Tohru Takeda, Hidetake Sugo, Fan Shao, Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Journal Title

      ITE Transactions on Media Technology and Applications

      Volume: 4 Pages: 149-154

    • DOI

      http://doi.org/10.3169/mta.4.149

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Introduction of Atomically Flattening of Si Surface to Large-Scale Integration Process Employing Shallow Trench Isolation2016

    • Author(s)
      Tetsuya Goto, Rihito Kuroda, Naoya Akagawa, Tomoyuki Suwa, Akinobu Teramoto, Xiang Li, Toshiki Obara, Daiki Kimoto, Shigetoshi Sugawa, Yutaka Kamata, Yuki Kumagai, and Katsuhiko Shibusawa
    • Journal Title

      ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology

      Volume: 5 Pages: P67-P72

    • DOI

      10.1149/2.0221602jss

    • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Ultra-Low Temperature Flattening Technique of Silicon Surface Using Xe/H2 Plasma2015

    • Author(s)
      Tomoyuki Suwa, Akinobu Teramoto, Tetsuya Goto, Masaki Hirayama, Shigetoshi Sugawa, and Tadahiro Ohmi
    • Journal Title

      ECS Transactions

      Volume: 66 Pages: 277-283

    • DOI

      10.1149/06605.0277ecst

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Low Temperature Atomically Flattening of Si Surface of Shallow Trench Isolation Pattern2015

    • Author(s)
      T. Goto, R. Kuroda, T. Suwa, A. Teramoto, N. Akagawa, D. Kimoto, S. Sugawa, T. Ohmi, Y. Kamata, Y. Kumagai, and K. Shibusawa
    • Journal Title

      ECS Transactions

      Volume: 66 Pages: 285-292

    • DOI

      10.1149/06605.0285ecst

    • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Effect of Hydrogen on Silicon Nitrides Formation by Microwave Excited Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition2015

    • Author(s)
      A. Teramoto, Y. Nakao, T. Suwa, K. Hashimoto, T. Motoya, M. Hirayama, S. Sugawa, and T. Ohmi
    • Journal Title

      ECS Transactions

      Volume: 66 Pages: 151-159

    • DOI

      10.1149/06604.0151ecst

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Effect of Process Temperature of Al2O3 Atomic Layer Deposition Using Accurate Process Gasses Supply System2015

    • Author(s)
      H. Sugita, Y. Koda, T. Suwa, R. Kuroda, T. Goto, H. Ishii, S. Yamashita, A. Teramoto, S. Sugawa, and T. Ohmi
    • Journal Title

      ECS Transactions

      Volume: 66 Pages: 305-314

    • DOI

      10.1149/06604.0305ecst

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Measurement and Analysis of Seismic Response in Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment2015

    • Author(s)
      Kaori Komoda, Masashi Sakuma, Masakazu Yata, Yoshio Yamazaki, Fuminobu Imaizumi, Rihito Kuroda and Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Journal Title

      IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING

      Volume: 28 Pages: 289-296

    • DOI

      10.1109/TSM.2015.2427807

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Random Telegraph Noise Measurement and Analysis based on Arrayed Test Circuit toward High S/N CMOS Image Sensors2016

    • Author(s)
      Rihito Kuroda, Akinobu Teramoto and Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Organizer
      29th IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures
    • Place of Presentation
      メルパルク横浜(神奈川県・横浜市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-03-28 – 2016-03-31
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Wide dynamic range LOFIC CMOS image sensors: principle, achievements and extendibility2016

    • Author(s)
      Rihito Kuroda and Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Organizer
      International Forum on Detectors for Photon Science
    • Place of Presentation
      富士ビューホテル(山梨県・富士河口湖町)
    • Year and Date
      2016-02-29 – 2016-03-02
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] CMOSイメージセンサの高速化・高感度化・広光波長帯域化技術2016

    • Author(s)
      黒田理人, 須川成利
    • Organizer
      第191回研究集会 シリコンテクノロジー分科会ナノ・接合技術研究会「接合技術の新展開」
    • Place of Presentation
      宝塚大学梅田キャンパス(大阪府・大阪市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-02-28 – 2016-02-28
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Advanced CMOS Image Sensor Development2015

    • Author(s)
      Rihito Kuroda
    • Organizer
      Tohoku Univ. - imec Seminar 2015 Sendai Symposium on Analytical Science 2015 Joint Seminar on "Unobtrusive Sensing & Daily Health Screening"
    • Place of Presentation
      東北大学青葉山キャンパス(宮城県・仙台市)
    • Year and Date
      2015-11-13 – 2015-11-13
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] An Ultraviolet Radiation Sensor Using Differential Spectral Response of Silicon Photodiodes2015

    • Author(s)
      Yhang Ricardo Sipauba Carvalho da Silva, Yasumasa Koda, Satoshi Nasuno, Rihito Kuroda, Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Organizer
      IEEE Sensors 2015
    • Place of Presentation
      Busan, South Korea
    • Year and Date
      2015-11-01 – 2015-11-04
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Electrical Properties of MOSFETs Introducing Atomically Flat Gate Insulator/Silicon Interface2015

    • Author(s)
      Tetsuya GOTO, Rihito KURODA, Tomoyuki SUWA, Akinobu TERAMOTO, Toshiki OBARA, Daiki KIMOTO
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会 シリコン材料・デバイス研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      東北大学青葉山キャンパス(宮城県・仙台市)
    • Year and Date
      2015-10-29 – 2015-10-31
  • [Presentation] Analysis and reduction of leakage current of 2kV monolithic isolator with wide trench spiral isolation structure2015

    • Author(s)
      Yusuke Takeuchi, Rihito Kuroda and Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Organizer
      Extended Abstracts of the 2015 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials
    • Place of Presentation
      札幌コンベンションセンター(北海道・札幌市)
    • Year and Date
      2015-09-27 – 2015-09-30
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 電荷電圧変換ゲイン240uV/e-、飽和電子数200ke-、感度波長帯域190-1000nmを有するCMOSイメージセンサ2015

    • Author(s)
      那須野悟史, 若嶋駿一, 楠原史章, 黒田理人, 須川成利
    • Organizer
      映像情報メディア学会技術報告 情報センシング研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      機会振興会館(東京都・港区)
    • Year and Date
      2015-09-18 – 2015-09-18
  • [Presentation] フローティングディフュージョン容量成分の解析・低減技術と高感度・高飽和CMOSイメージセンサへの適用2015

    • Author(s)
      楠原史章, 若嶋駿一, 那須野悟史, 黒田理人, 須川成利
    • Organizer
      映像情報メディア学会技術報告 情報センシング研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      機会振興会館(東京都・港区)
    • Year and Date
      2015-09-18 – 2015-09-18
  • [Presentation] CMOSイメージセンサの高感度化・高速化・光波長広帯域 -IISW2015・VLSI2015東北大学報告より-2015

    • Author(s)
      須川成利
    • Organizer
      次世代画像入力ビジョンシステム部会
    • Place of Presentation
      機会振興会館(東京都・港区)
    • Year and Date
      2015-08-07 – 2015-08-07
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] A Linear Response Single Exposure CMOS Image Sensor with 0.5e- Readout Noise and 76ke- Full Well Capacity2015

    • Author(s)
      Shunichi Wakashima, Fumiaki Kusuhara, Rihito Kuroda and Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Organizer
      2015 SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI CIRCUITS
    • Place of Presentation
      リーガロイヤルホテル京都(京都府・京都市)
    • Year and Date
      2015-06-15 – 2015-06-19
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A 80% QE High Readout Speed 1024 Pixel Linear Photodiode Array for UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy2015

    • Author(s)
      Rihito Kuroda, Takahiro Akutsu, Yasumasa Koda, Kenji Takubo, Hideki Tominaga, Ryuuta Hirose, Tomohiro Karasawa and Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Organizer
      2015 INTERNATIONAL IMAGE SENSOR WORKSHOP
    • Place of Presentation
      Vaals, Netherlands
    • Year and Date
      2015-06-08 – 2015-06-11
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Analysis and Reduction of Floating Diffusion Capacitance Components of CMOS Image Sensor for Photon-Countable Sensitivity2015

    • Author(s)
      Fumiaki Kusuhara, Shunichi Wakashima, Satoshi Nasuno, Rihito Kuroda and Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Organizer
      2015 INTERNATIONAL IMAGE SENSOR WORKSHOP
    • Place of Presentation
      Vaals, Netherlands
    • Year and Date
      2015-06-08 – 2015-06-11
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A 20Mfps Global Shutter CMOS Image Sensor with Improved Sensitivity and Power Consumption2015

    • Author(s)
      Shigetoshi Sugawa, Rihito Kuroda, Tohru Takeda, Fan Shao, Ken Miyauchi and Yasuhisa Tochigi
    • Organizer
      2015 INTERNATIONAL IMAGE SENSOR WORKSHOP
    • Place of Presentation
      Vaals, Netherlands
    • Year and Date
      2015-06-08 – 2015-06-11
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A CMOS Image Sensor with 240μV/e- Conversion Gain, 200ke- Full Well Capacity and 190-1000nm Spectral Response2015

    • Author(s)
      Satoshi Nasuno, Shunichi Wakashima, Fumiaki Kusuhara, Rihito Kuroda, Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Organizer
      2015 INTERNATIONAL IMAGE SENSOR WORKSHOP
    • Place of Presentation
      Vaals, Netherlands
    • Year and Date
      2015-06-08 – 2015-06-11
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Ultra-Low Temperature Flattening Technique of Silicon Surface Using Xe/H2 Plasma2015

    • Author(s)
      Tomoyuki Suwa, Akinobu Teramoto, Tetsuya Goto, Masaki Hirayama, Shigetoshi Sugawa and Tadahiro Ohmi
    • Organizer
      227th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Chicago, USA
    • Year and Date
      2015-05-24 – 2015-05-28
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Low Temperature Atomically Flattening of Si Surface of Shallow Trench Isolation Pattern2015

    • Author(s)
      Tetsuya Goto, Rihito Kuroda, Tomoyuki Suwa, Akinobu Teramoto, Naoya Akagawa, Daiki Kimoto, Shigetoshi Sugawa, Tadahiro Ohmi, Yutaka Kamata, Yuki Kumagai and Katsuhiko Shibusawa
    • Organizer
      227th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Chicago, USA
    • Year and Date
      2015-05-24 – 2015-05-28
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Effect of Hydrogen on Silicon Nitrides Formation by Microwave Excited Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition2015

    • Author(s)
      Akinobu Teramoto, Yukihisa Nakao, Tomoyuki Suwa, Keiichi Hashimoto, Tsukasa Motoya, Masaki Hirayama, Shigetoshi Sugawa, and Tadahiro Ohmi
    • Organizer
      227th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Chicago, USA
    • Year and Date
      2015-05-24 – 2015-05-28
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Effect of Process Temperature of Al2O3 Atomic Layer Deposition Using Accurate Process Gasses Supply System2015

    • Author(s)
      Hisaya Sugita, Yasukasa Koda, Tomoyuki Suwa, Rihito Kuroda, Tetsuya Goto, Hidekazu Ishii, Satoru Yamashita, Akinobu Teramoto, Shigetoshi Sugawa, and Tadahiro Ohmi
    • Organizer
      227th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Chicago, USA
    • Year and Date
      2015-05-24 – 2015-05-28
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] ゲート絶縁膜/Si界面の原子オーダー平坦化によるランダムテレグラフノイズ低減効果2015

    • Author(s)
      黒田理人, 後藤哲也, 赤川直也, 木本大幾, 寺本章伸, 須川 成利
    • Organizer
      映像情報メディア学会技術報告 情報センシング研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京理科大学森戸記念館(東京都・新宿区)
    • Year and Date
      2015-05-08 – 2015-05-08
  • [Presentation] UV/VIS/NIR imaging technologies: challenges and opportunities2015

    • Author(s)
      Rihito Kuroda, Shigetoshi Sugawa
    • Organizer
      2015 SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications
    • Place of Presentation
      Baltimore, USA
    • Year and Date
      2015-04-20 – 2015-04-24
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited

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Published: 2017-01-06  

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