The research on the relation between the philosophy of Bergson and social science at that time : analysis on the references in The Two Sources of Morality and Religion

2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 15K02003
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Philosophy/Ethics
• Research Institution: Kagawa University
• Principal Investigator: MIYAKE takeshi 香川大学, 教育学部, 教授 (10599244)
• Project Period (FY): 2015-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Keywords: ベルクソン / 社会有機体 / 静的社会 / 閉じたもの／開いたもの / 迷信 / 融即律 / 神秘主義 / 技術論

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this research, I analyzed the relation between Bergson’s arguments in The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (hereafter MR) and social science at that times. Firstly, I examined how Comte's and Spencer's social organism and Durkheim's sociology made influence on the first chapter of MR. Secondly, I compared the second chapter of MR, that is, the theory of static society with Levy-Bruhl's anthropology and Durkheim's sociology of religion, I pointed out that there were differences among their point of views concerning the theme of “superstition”. Thirdly, I related the third chapter of MR to the studies of mysticism in those days (W. James, H. Delacroix etc.), then considered the relation between philosophy and science. Lastly, I revealed that the thought of industrial technology by Gina Lombroso made more influence on the last chapter of MR than we expected.

Free Research Field

哲学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

従来の研究では、ベルクソン哲学が『物質と記憶』『創造的進化』などで、当時の生物学や心理学、病理学や大脳生理学などの諸成果をもとに彼の哲学を形成したことは示されてきた。本研究によって、『道徳と宗教の二源泉』という晩年の著作についても、当時の社会学、人類学、宗教心理学、技術論といった社会科学の分野でも、自然科学の分野でこれまで行われたのと同様に、実証諸科学の成果をもとに彼の哲学の問題のフレーミングが行われ、それをもとに諸概念が形成されてきたということを、彼が用いた当時の社会科学などを実証的・文献的に追跡することによって、明らかにすることができた。