Genomic Profile of Responders to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Advanced Rectal Cancer

2017 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 15K10156
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Digestive surgery
• Research Institution: Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
• Principal Investigator: Akiyoshi Takashi 公益財団法人がん研究会, 有明病院 消化器外科, 医長 (50625598)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 森 誠一 公益財団法人がん研究会, がんプレシジョン医療研究センター 次世代がん研究シーズ育成プロジェクト, プロジェクトリーダー (10334814)
• Project Period (FY): 2015-04-01 – 2018-03-31
• Keywords: 直腸がん / 術前放射線化学療法

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We performed whole-exome sequencing (n=74) using pre-treatment biopsies from patients with advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We identified five hypermutated tumors, all of which were responders. A comparative analysis among the non-hypermutated tumors (n=69) showed a significantly higher number of non-silent mutation and higher CD8+ T-cell infiltration in responders than in non-responders. Our finding suggests that mutation burden and resultant neoantigen burden before CRT might be a critical determinant of patient responses to CRT.

Free Research Field

大腸外科