2006 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in and Molecular Genotyping of Asian Wheat Genetic Resources
| Project/Area Number |
16201047
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Resource conservation science
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| Research Institution | Yokohama City University |
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Principal Investigator |
SASANUMA Tsuneo Yokohama City University, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Assistant Professor, 木原生物学研究所, 助手 (70347350)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
MIURA Hideho Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Medicine, Professor, 畜産学部, 教授 (10173981)
KAWAHARA Taihachi Kyoto University, Graduate School of Agriculture, Associate Professor, 農学研究科, 助教授 (20115827)
MORI Naoki Kobe University, Faculty of Agriculture, Associate Professor, 農学部, 助教授 (60230075)
KATO Kenji Okayama University, Faculty of Agriculture, Professor, 農学部, 教授 (40161096)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2004 – 2006
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| Keywords | Wheat / Aegilops / Landraces / Genetic diversity / Genotyping / Heading trait / Seed domancy |
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| Research Abstract |
Evaluation of genetic diversity in and molecular genotyping of genetic resources of wheat and its relatives were conducted. Modernization of agriculture has produced many modern wheat cultivars adapted with irrigation, chemical nutrition and mechanization, and today supported a huge world food demand. The modernization, however, resulted in loss of genetic diversity, thus we face the limitation of the increased yield and fragility against coming world environment changes. To overcome the problems, the genetic diversity present in wild species and are reconsidered, and the importance of evaluation and utilization of the potential genetic diversity are noticed. The establishment of the evaluation method of such diversity and the elucidation of the evolutionary process which has produced the diversity are also considered to be valuable.
The spread of cultivated wheat from its original place to the west and east produced a lot of differentiated local varieties, namely landraces, adapted wit
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h various local climates. Japanese wheat research community have collected wild species and landraces and have long-time conserved them as genetic resources. This research project is a collaborating research formed by researchers who have conserved the genetic resources and investigated genetic diversity or evolutionary processes. In this project approximately 600 cultivated and 700 wild accessions were investigated and the following outcomes were obtained.
1. The basic information of morphology, heading trait, salt tolerance and seed dormancy for each accession were evaluated and recorded. The level of diversity was considerably high in both wild and cultivated species.
2. Core collections (representative accessions covering whole population) were selected based on DNA marker and AFLP, and methods for conservation were proposed.
3. Multiple origins in both domestication and polyploidization processes were revealed, which are clearly contrasted with previous theories.
4. The genes controlling or related with heading trait and seed dormancy were identified using DNA marker. Genetic variation among accessions in those genes was revealed. These results enable us to use DNA marker to distinguish variety or to reveal evolutionary process.
5. The accessions used in this study and data obtained were registered in National BioResources Project (NBRP) database and free access and easy utilization were enabled. Less
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[Journal Article] Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among east Asian common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations, revealed by the analysis of five isozymes.2006
Author(s)
Ghimire S.K., Akashi Y., Masuda A., Washio T., Nishida H., Zhou Y.H., Yen C., Qi X., Li Z., Yoshino H., Kato K.
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Journal Title
Breed. Sci. 56
Pages: 379-387
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Journal Article] Mitochondrial microsatellite variability in common wheat and its ancestral species.2006
Author(s)
Ghimire S.K., Akashi Y., Masuda A., Washio T., Nishida H., Zhou Y.H., Yen C., Qi X., Li Z., Yoshino H., Kato K.
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Journal Title
Breed.Sci. 56
Pages: 379-387
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
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