Studies on past-environment by ice core analyses using microbial activities in the snow and ice

2006 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

• Project/Area Number: 16310004
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Environmental dynamic analysis
• Research Institution: Tokyo Institute of Technology
• Principal Investigator: KOHSHIMA Shiro Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Science, Associate Professor, 大学院生命理工学研究科, 助教授 (60183802)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): USHIDA Kazunari Kyoto Prefectural University, Department of Biological Sciences, Professor, 大学院農学研究科, 教授 (50183017) ; SHIRAIWA Takayuki Kyoto Prefectural University, Department of Agriculture, Associate Professor, 助教授 (90235739) ; YOSHIMURA Yoshitaka Tamagawa University, Department of Agriculture, Associate Professor, 農学部・生命化学科, 助教授 (90384718) ; TAKEUCHI Kozomu Chiba University, Department of Earth Science, Associate Professor, 大学院自然科学研究科, 助教授 (30353452)
• Project Period (FY): 2004 – 2006
• Keywords: ice core / microorganism / glacier / past environment / algae / bacteria / gene analysis / snow and ice

Research Abstract

We improved the method of biological ice-core analysis applying the following new techniques of DNA analysis, such as species identification by 16SrRNA gene analysis, RT-PCR and microbial community analysis by DGGE method. These improvements enabled identification and quantification of bacteria and cyanobacteria in the ice-cores and snow and ice samples which had been difficult with old techniques.
We collected ice-core samples in Russian Altai, European Alps, Chilean Andes, Alaska and analyzed biotic contents in these cores, such as snow algae, bacteria, fungi and pollens. In all these analyses, we could show that we can use the snow algae and pollens in the ice core as a good markers for annual layers useful for accurate dating of mid-latitude ice cores. We also examined bacterial DNA in the Antarctic ice cores for potential use as new environmental markers for the study on the past environment. We found that the Antarctic ice core preserved many ancient airborne bacteria and that bac terial community contained in the ice core differed between the samples of glacial age and interglacial age. The results suggest that air borne bacteria in the Antarctic ice cores could be new environmental markers if we can identify the source of the bacteria. So, we also started preliminary sampling and analysis of airborne bacteria released from Amazonian tropical rain forest, one of the possible source of bacteria stored in the Antarctic ice cores.
To make comparative studies among glacier ecosystems of various part of the world, we collected microbiologial samples at the glaciers of the following regions: Russian Altai, Alaska mountain-range, European Alps, Chilean Andes and Rwenzori mountains of Uganda. By analyzing these samples with new methods, we could obtain many results important to understand glacier ecosystems and improve biological ice-core analysis. For example, we could find more than 10 new bacterial species adapted to cold environment in the snow and ice. The results of these analyses also showed that bacterial community on the glacier changed depending on the altitude. The result implies that we can use bacteria in the ice core as new environmental markers as well as snow algae because their their biomass and species composition change with environmental condition.[

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Estimation of net accumulation rate at a Patagonian glacier by ice core analyses using snow algae. (2007)
  • Author(s): Kohshima, S., Takeuchi, N., Uetake, J., Shiraiwa, T., Uemura, R., Yoshida N., Matoba, S., Godoi, M.A.
  • Journal Title: Global and Planetary Change (in press)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Intra-annual variations in atmospheric dust and tritium in the North Pacific region detected from an ice core from Mount Wrangell, Alaska. (2007)
  • Author(s): Yasunari, T., Shiraiwa, T., Kanamori, S., Fujii, Y., Igarashi, M., Yamazaki, K., Benson, C.S., Hondoh, T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere (in press)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] カムチャツカ半島の氷河に残される北部北太平洋の気候変動 (2007)
  • Author(s): 白岩孝行
  • Journal Title: 気象研究ノート (In press)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The glaciological expedition to Mount Ichinsky, Kamchatka, Russia. (2007)
  • Author(s): Matoba, S., Ushakov, S., Shimbori, K., Sasaki, H., Yamasaki, T., Ovsyannikov, A., Manevich, A.G., Zhideleeva, T.M., Kutuzov, S., Muravyev, Y.D., Shiraiwa, T.
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of Glaciological Research 24 Pages: 79-85
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Multiproxy Records of Climate Variability for Kamchatka for the past 400 years (2007)
  • Author(s): Solomina, O., Wiles, G., Shiraiwa, T., D'Arrigo, R.
  • Journal Title: Climate of the Past 3 Pages: 119-128
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] A full stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka. (2007)
  • Author(s): Zwinger, T., Greve, R., Gagliardini, O., Shiraiwa, T., Lyly, M.
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology 45 Pages: 29-37
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] ヒマラヤの氷河生態系 (2007)
  • Author(s): 幸島司郎
  • Journal Title: ヒマラヤ学誌 8 Pages: 113-120
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] 氷河生態系の生物 (2007)
  • Author(s): 幸島司郎
  • Journal Title: 極限環境微生物学会誌 5・2 Pages: 79-83
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Intra-annual variations in atmospheric dust and tritium in the North Pacific region detected from an ice core from Mount Wrangell, Alaska. (2007)
  • Author(s): Yasunari, T., Shiraiwa, T., Kanamori, S., Fuji i, Y., Igarashi, M., Yamazaki, K., Benson, C.S., Hondoh, T.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere (In press)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Climate change of North Pacific region recorded in the glaciers of Kamuchatka Peninsula (in Japanese) (2007)
  • Author(s): Takayuki Shiraiwa
  • Journal Title: Kisyo Kenkyu Note (In press)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] A full stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka. (2007)
  • Author(s): Zwinger, T., Greve, R., Gagliardini, 0., Shiraiwa, T., Lyly, M.
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology 45 Pages: 29-37
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Glacier ecosystems of Himalayan region (in Japanese) (2007)
  • Author(s): Shiro Kohshima
  • Journal Title: Himalaya-gaku-shi(Himalan study monographs) 8 Pages: 113-120
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Microorganisms in glacier ecosystems (in Japanese) (2007)
  • Author(s): Shiro Kohshima
  • Journal Title: Journal of Japanese Society for Extremophiles 5 (2) Pages: 79-83
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Multiproxy Records of Climate Variability for Kamchatka for the past 400 years (2007)
  • Author(s): Solomina, O., Wiles, G., Shiraiwa, T., D' Arrigo, R.
  • Journal Title: Climate of the Past 3 Pages: 119-128
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Estimation of net accumulation rate at a Patagonian glacier by ice core analyses using snow algae. (2007)
  • Author(s): Kohshima, S., Takeuchi, N., Uetake, J., Shiraiwa, T., Uemura, R., Yoshida N., Matoba, S., Godoi, M.A.
  • Journal Title: Global and Planetary Change (In press)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Spatial distribution and abundance of red snow algae on the Harding Icefield, Alaska derived from a satellite image. (2006)
  • Author(s): Takeuchi, N., Dial, R., Kohshima, S., Segawa, T., Uetake J.
  • Journal Title: Geophysical Research Letter 33 Pages: L21502, doi:10.1029/2006GL027819
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Biological ice-core analysis of the Sofiyskiy Glacier in the Russian Altai mountains. (2006)
  • Author(s): Uetake, J., Kohshima, S., Nakazawa, F., Suzuki, K., Kohno, M., Kameda, T., Arkhipov, S., Fujii, Y.
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology 43 Pages: 70-78
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Snow algae in a Himalayan ice core : new environmental markers for ice core analyses and their correlation with summer mass balance. (2006)
  • Author(s): Yoshimura, Y., Kohshima, S., Takeuchi, N., Seko K., Fujita K.
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology 43 Pages: 148-153
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] A snow algal community on Akkem Glacier in the Russian Altai Mountains. (2006)
  • Author(s): Takeuchi, N., Uetake, J., Fujita, K., Aizen, V., Nikitin, S.
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology 43 Pages: 378-384
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Concentrations and source variations of n-alkanes in a 21-mice core and snow samples at Belukha Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains (2006)
  • Author(s): Miyake, T., Nakazawa, F., Sakugawa, H., Takeuchi, N., Fujita, K., Ohta, K., Nakawo, M.
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology 43 Pages: 142-147
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Thirty-year history of glacier melting in the Nepal Himalayas. (2006)
  • Author(s): Fujita, K., Thompson, L.G., Kajikawa, Y., Ageta, Y., Yasunari, T., Sakai, A., Takeuchi, N.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research 111 Pages: D03109,doi:10.1029/2005JD005894
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] 氷河に生きる生物の世界 (2006)
  • Author(s): 幸島司郎
  • Journal Title: Front 219 Pages: 13-15
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] 雪氷コア解析に基づく北部北太平洋の数十年周期気候復元. (2006)
  • Author(s): 白岩孝行
  • Journal Title: 低温科学 65 Pages: 57-65
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] カムチャツカの火山・氷河そして環境変動 (2006)
  • Author(s): 白岩孝行
  • Journal Title: アークティック・サークル(北海道立北方民族博物館友の会・季刊誌) 59 Pages: 4-9
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Spatial distribution and abundance of red snow algae on the Harding Icefield, Alaska derived from a satellite image. (2006)
  • Author(s): Takeuchi, N., Dial, R., Kohshima, S., Segawa, T., Uetake J
  • Journal Title: Geophysical Research Letter Pages: 33, 121502, doi : 10. 1029/2006GL027819
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Biological ice-core analysis of the Sofiyskiy Glacier in the Russian Altai mountains. (2006)
  • Author(s): Uetake, J., Kohshima, S., Nakazawa, F., Suzuki, K., Kohno, M., Kameda, T., Arkhipov, S., Fujii, Y
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology 43 Pages: 70-78
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Concentrations and source variations of n-alkanes in a 21-m ice core and snow samples at Belukha Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains. (2006)
  • Author(s): Miyake, T., Nakazawa, F., Sakugawa, H., Takeuchi, N., Fujita, K., Ohta, K., Nakawo, M.
  • Journal Title: Annals of Glaciology 43 Pages: 142-147
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Thirty-year history of glacier melting in the Nepal Himalayas. (2006)
  • Author(s): Fujita, K., Thompson, L.G., Kajikawa, Y., Ageta, Y., Yasunari, T., Sakai, A., Takeuchi, N.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research Pages: 111, D03109, doi:10. 1029/2005JDO05894
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Organisms living in the glacier (in Japanese) (2006)
  • Author(s): Shiro Kohshima
  • Journal Title: Front 219 Pages: 13-15
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Reconstruction of decadal climate change of North Pacific region by ice core analysis (in Japanese) (2006)
  • Author(s): Takayuki Shiraiwa
  • Journal Title: Teion Kagaku(Lowtemperature Science) 65 Pages: 57-65
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Glaciers and volcanoes in Kamchatka and climate change (in Japanese) (2006)
  • Author(s): Takayuki Shiraiwa
  • Journal Title: Arctic circle 59 Pages: 4-9
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Stable-isotope time series and precipitation origin from firn cores and snow samples, Altai glaciers, Siberia. (2005)
  • Author(s): Aizen, V.B., Aizen E.M., Fujita, K., Nikitin, S.A., Kreutz, K.J., Takeuchi, N.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Glaciology 51(175) Pages: 637-654
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Dating of seasonal snow/firn accumulation layers using pollen analysis. (2005)
  • Author(s): Nakazawa, F., Fujtia, K., Takeuchi, N., Fujiki, T., Uetake, J., Aizen, V., Nakawo, M.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Glaciology 51・174 Pages: 483-490
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Snow pit studies and radio-echo soundings on Mt. McKinley 2004 (2005)
  • Author(s): S.Kanamori, Y.Okura, T.Shiraiwa, K.Yoshikawa
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of Glaciological Research 22 Pages: 89-97
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] A large amount of biogenic surface dust (cryoconite) on a glacier in the Qilian Mountains. China. (2005)
  • Author(s): Takeuchi, N., others
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of Glaciological Reserch 22 Pages: 1-8
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Seasonal Change in Bacterial Flora and Biomass in Mountain Snow from the Tateyama Mountains, Japan. Analyzed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequenc (2005)
  • Author(s): Segawa, T., Kohshima.S., others
  • Journal Title: Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71.1 Pages: 123-130
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Stable-isotope time series and precipitation origin from firn cores and snow samples, Altai glaciers, Siberia. (2005)
  • Author(s): Aizen, V.B., Aizen E.M., Fujita, K., Nikitin, S.A., Kreutz, K.J., Takeuchi, N.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Glaciology 51 (175) Pages: 637-654
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Snow pit studies and radio-echo soundings on Mt. McKinley 2004. (2005)
  • Author(s): Kanamori, S., Okura, Y., Shiraiwa, Y., Yoshikawa, K.
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of Glaciological Research 22 Pages: 89-97
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] A large amount of biogenic surface dust (cryoconite) on a glacier in the Qilian Mountains, China. (2005)
  • Author(s): Takeuchi, N., others
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of Glaciological Research 22 Pages: 1-8
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Seasonal Change in Bacterial Flora and Biomass in Mountain Snow from the Tateyama Mountains, Japan, Analyzed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Real-Time PCR. (2005)
  • Author(s): Segawa, T., Kohshima, S., others
  • Journal Title: Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71. 1 Pages: 123-130
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] A Snow Algal Community on Tyndall Glacier in the Southern Patagonia Icefield, Chile. (2004)
  • Author(s): Takeuchi, N., Kohshima, S.
  • Journal Title: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 36・1 Pages: 92-99
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Shallow ice-core drilling at Mount Wrangell, Alaska (2004)
  • Author(s): Shiraiwa, T, others
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of Glaciological Reserch 21 Pages: 71-77
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] A report on ice core drilling on the western plateau of Mt. Belukha in the Altai Mountain Range in 2003. (2004)
  • Author(s): Takeuchi, N., others
  • Journal Title: Polar Meteorology and Glaciology 18 Pages: 121-133
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Shallow ice-core drilling at Mount Wrangell, Alaska. (2004)
  • Author(s): Shiraiwa, T., others
  • Journal Title: Bulletin of Glaciological Research 21 Pages: 71-77
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Book] ヒマラヤと地球温暖化-消え行く氷河 (2007)
  • Author(s): 竹内望(共著)
  • Total Pages: 159
  • Publisher: 昭和堂
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Book] 山の世界- 自然・文化・暮らし-(梅棹 忠夫・山本 紀夫 編) (2004)
  • Author(s): 幸島司郎(共著)
  • Total Pages: 354
  • Publisher: 岩波書店
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より