2007 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
A guideline for solving bioethical problems involed in preimplantation genetic diagnosis of embryos in Japan
| Project/Area Number |
16520023
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Philosophy/Ethics
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| Research Institution | National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya |
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Principal Investigator |
KODAMA Masayuki National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Faculty of Physical Education, 教授 (90183342)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2004 – 2007
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| Keywords | PGD / PGD-AS / ART / (D)MD / habitual abortion / philosophy of medicine / bioethics / medical law |
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| Research Abstract |
The reason why the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology has placed severe restraints on preimplantation genetic diagnosis of embryos (PGD) since 1998 lies, except in the fear that PGD will cause discrimination against handicapped people as well as result in life screening, in the following two assertions.
(A) PGD technique is still in its research phase, it has low accuracy and its safety has not been established.
(B) Restraints will act as a brake on reckless applications, i.e. on commercialistic developments, of PGD. (For example, the clinical application of PGD not only to genetic diseases or recurrent spontaneous abortion due to chromosomal abnormalities, but also to genetic enhancement of mind and body on non-medical grounds)
However, the former assertion is being denied by the latest study of actual results over a period of 10 years at the world's three most active PGD centers (the Reproductive Genetics Institute, in Chicago, Illinois ; Saint Barnabas Medical Center, West Oran
… More
ge, New Jersey ; and SISMER, Bologna, Italy) by Dr. Munne's team. According to Dr. Munne's article (Over a decade of experience with preimplantation genetic diagnosis : a multicenter report. Fertil Steril 82 : 292-294, 2004), a total of 754 babies have been born from 4,748 PGD attempts at these three centers, with 207 pregnancies still ongoing. Five misdiagnoses following PGD practice (three cases of trisomy 21, one case of cystic fibrosis and one case of fragile-X syndrome) have been published. The safety of the PGD process is validated by the estimated number of already more than 1000 apparently healthy children born after PGD worldwide.
As for the latter assertion, we are of the opinion that this ethical position and the long delay in gaining permission for a single case, discriminates against couples who undergo PGD for reasons of infertility as well as fertile couples who consider this technique for reasons of recurrent pregnancy loss or for being at risk of transmitting genetic diseases to their offspring.
Considering the usefulness of PGD in alleviating the load on the mother's womb by pre-birth diagnosis, all applications of PGD based on medical grounds (such as genetic diseases or recurrent spontaneous abortion due to chromosomal abnormalities) should be approved. Less
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[Presentation] 日本の着床前診断私見2005
Author(s)
児玉 正幸
Organizer
第24回日本医学哲学・倫理学会
Place of Presentation
九州産業医科大学
Year and Date
20051000
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] 患者の権利2005
Author(s)
児玉 正幸
Organizer
第2回鹿児島生命倫理ネットワーク
Place of Presentation
鹿児島県民健康プラザ健康増進センター
Year and Date
20050300
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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[Presentation] 患者の権利2004
Author(s)
児玉 正幸
Organizer
鹿児島哲学研究会第17回例会
Place of Presentation
鹿児島大学
Year and Date
20041200
Description
「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
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