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2006 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

Sociocultural shaping of attention strategy-Cultural psychological perspective on cognition

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16530408
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Social psychology
Research InstitutionTokyo Woman's Christian UNIVERSITY

Principal Investigator

KARASAWA Mayumi  Tokyo Woman's Christian University, Dept of Communication, Professor, 現代文化学部, 教授 (60255940)

Project Period (FY) 2004 – 2006
KeywordsCulture and self / Attention Strategy / Triangulation / within cultural differences / between cultural differences / socialization
Research Abstract

Culturally divergent cognitive characteristics have been examined with several different measures, such as attitude attribution (e.g.,Masuda & Kitayama,2002), performance in a rod-and-frame task (RFT ; Ji, Peng, & Nisbett,2000;Witkin & Berry,1975). Especially, Kitayama et al., developed a new test called the framed-line test (FLT). The FLT is specifically designed to assess both the ability to incorporate and the ability to ignore contextual information within a single domain that is arguably nonsocial. In an effort to address these limitations inherent in the current evidence, we examined within cultural practice of these tendencies using triangulation methods. Despite their common cultural heritage that acknowledges the independence of self, West Europe and North America differ in one crucial respect. Unlike West Europe, North America has undergone a history of voluntary settlement in the frontier. We hypothesized that the settlement history gives rise to a cultural emphasis on strongly personal forms of success and achievement. In a tri-cultural comparison involving the United States (Michigan), Germany (Hamburg), and Japan (Kyoto and Tokyo), they predicted and found that Americans are higher than Germans in motivational independence (personal rather than communal goal orientation) and normative independence (societal reward contingency sanctioning independence), but not in epistemic independence (dispositional bias in social judgment). Across the three domains of independence, Japanese were consistently less independent (or more interdependent) than the two Western groups. In a cluster analysis a vast majority (90%) of Japanese was classified as "interdependent", but the corresponding numbers for Germans and Americans were 63% and 48%, respectively. Curiously, a commonly used attitudinal measure of independence and interdependence showed an anomalous pattern. Implications for theories and measurement of culture are discussed.

  • Research Products

    (6 results)

All 2006 2004

All Book (6 results)

  • [Book] 心理学総合事典 19章 心と文化-文化心理学的視点からの検討2006

    • Author(s)
      唐澤真弓
    • Total Pages
      453-470
    • Publisher
      朝倉書店
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Book] 人間-いのちの歴史-,小学館の図鑑 NEO2006

    • Author(s)
      唐澤真弓
    • Total Pages
      120-175
    • Publisher
      小学館
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Book] Mind and culture-cultural psychological perspectives, Handbook of Psychology, Chapter 192006

    • Author(s)
      Mayumi Karasawa
    • Total Pages
      453-470
    • Publisher
      Asakura-shoten
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Book] Human Mind, Encyclopedia of Human, Series NEO2006

    • Author(s)
      Mayumi Karasawa
    • Total Pages
      120-175
    • Publisher
      Shougakukan
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
  • [Book] 新・心理学の基礎知識(安藤清志他編)2004

    • Author(s)
      唐澤真弓
    • Total Pages
      2
    • Publisher
      有斐閣
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
  • [Book] Cultural psychology and Attention strategy, Basic knowledge of Psychology2004

    • Author(s)
      Mayumi Karasawa
    • Publisher
      Yuhikaku
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より

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Published: 2008-05-27  

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