Identification of Generation/Driving Mechanisms of Upper-Atmospheric Discharges and Global Electric Circuit Using Satellite Data and Numerical Simulation

2018 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 16H04055
• Research Institution: Hokkaido University
• Principal Investigator: 佐藤 光輝 北海道大学, 理学研究院, 講師 (50312541)
• Project Period (FY): 2016-04-01 – 2019-03-31
• Keywords: 雷放電 / 高高度放電発光現象 / スプライト / グローバルサーキット / 国際宇宙ステーション

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

国際宇宙ステーションからの直下視観測ミッション(GLIMS)で得られた光学観測データ，数値モデル計算，地上雷観測データ，大気電場観測データを駆使することで，(1)雷放電が生起する放射電界と準静電界を統一的に解く数値モデルによってスプライトの水平空間分布を再現し生成機構を明らかにすること，(2)雲内放電と対地雷との比率(Z値)及びその緯度依存性を明らかにし，全球電流回路の数値モデル計算結果と実観測データとを比較することで，大気放電が全球電流回路で担う役割を定量評価することを目的とする。
平成30年度は，GLIMSで観測した約8360例の雷発光データから推定したZ値の緯度・季節・地域依存性の結果と，地上雷放電観測データ・全球降水分布データ(GPM)などを組み込んだ，高度範囲0-100 km，空間分解能0.2°×0.2°，時間分解能1分という世界最高レベルの全球三次元グローバルサーキット数値モデルを開発した。この数値モデルから南極昭和基地における大気電場強度を計算し，同基地での大気電場の実観測データとの比較を行った。その結果，雷放電はグローバルサーキットにおける電流駆動源として約20%程度しか担っていないことを定量的に明らかにした。この成果をまとめた査読論文がJournal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics誌に受理された。
一方，スプライトの発生メカニズムを解明するための，雷放電上空における放射電界と電子密度の時空間変化を数値モデル計算に関しては，大きな進捗を得ることができなかった。この原因は共同研究者が研究期間中に民間企業に就職したことが大きいが，そうなることも含めたリスク管理とその後の対応が甘かったことが反省点である。

Research Progress Status

平成30年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

平成30年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] ジョンズホプキンス大学/マサチューセッツ工科大学(米国)
  • Country Name: U.S.A.
  • Counterpart Institution: ジョンズホプキンス大学/マサチューセッツ工科大学
• [Int'l Joint Research] スウェーデン宇宙公社(スウェーデン)
  • Country Name: SWEDEN
  • Counterpart Institution: スウェーデン宇宙公社
• [Int'l Joint Research] 中国科学院(中国)
  • Country Name: CHINA
  • Counterpart Institution: 中国科学院
• [Int'l Joint Research] アンダルシア天体物理研究所(スペイン)
  • Country Name: SPAIN
  • Counterpart Institution: アンダルシア天体物理研究所
• [Int'l Joint Research] 先端科学技術研究所(ASTI)/大気地球物理天文局(PAGASA)(フィリピン)
  • Country Name: PHILIPPINES
  • Counterpart Institution: 先端科学技術研究所(ASTI)/大気地球物理天文局(PAGASA)
• [Int'l Joint Research]
  • # of Other Countries: 3
• [Journal Article] Optical Properties of Intracloud and Cloud-to-Ground Discharges Derived from JEM-GLIMS Lightning Observations (2019)
  • Author(s): Bandholnopparat, K., M. Sato, T. Ushio, T. Adachi, and Y. Takahashi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Volume: 印刷中 Pages: 印刷中
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Spectroscopic Diagnostic of Halos and Elves Detected From Space‐Based Photometers (2018)
  • Author(s): Perez‐Invernon F. J., A. Luque, F. J. Gordillo‐Vazquez, M. Sato, T. Ushio, T. Adachi, and A. B. Chen
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Volume: 123 Pages: 12,917～12,941
  • DOI: 10.1029/2018JD029053
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Characteristics of Thunderstorm Structure and Lightning Activity Causing Negative and Positive Sprites (2018)
  • Author(s): Jing, Y., N. Liu, M. Sato, G. Lu, Y. Wang, and G. Feng
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Volume: 123 Pages: 12917-12941
  • DOI: 10.1029/2017JD026759
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Initiation of a lightning search using the lightning and airglow camera onboard the Venus orbiter Akatsuki (2018)
  • Author(s): Takahashi Y., M. Sato, M. Imai, R. Lorenz, Y. Yair, K. Aplin, G. Fischer, M. Nakamura, N. Ishii, T. Abe, T. Satoh, T. Imamura, C. Hirose, M. Suzuki, G. Hashimoto, N. Hirata, A. Yamazaki, T. Sato, M. Yamada, S. Murakami, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukuhara, K. Ogohara, H. Ando, K. Sugiyama, H. Kashimura, and S. Ohtsuki
  • Journal Title: Earth, Planets and Space Volume: 70 Pages: 88
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40623-018-0836-2
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Relation between Lightning and Typhoon Activities in the Western Pacific Region (2018)
  • Author(s): Sato, M., Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, and J. J. Marciano
  • Organizer: AGU Fall Meeting 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] High-Energy Radiation Phenomena from Winter Thunderstorms and Lightning in Japan (2018)
  • Author(s): Enoto, T., Y. Wada, Y. Furuta, K. Nakazawa, T. Yuasa, K. Makishima, M. Sato, Y. Sato, D. Umemoto, H. Tsuchiya, G. S. Bowers, M. Kamogawa, Y. Nakamura, T. Morimoto, and D. Smith
  • Organizer: AGU Fall Meeting 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Estimation of the IC/CG Ratio Using JEM-GLIMS and Ground-based Lightning Network Data and Its Effect on the Global Electric Circuit (2018)
  • Author(s): Kittanapat, B., M. Sato, T. Adachi, T. Ushio, and Y. Takahashi
  • Organizer: AGU Fall Meeting 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] アジア域雷放電検出網で観測された雷活動と台風強度発達との関係 (2018)
  • Author(s): 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 山下幸三, 久保田尚之, 浜田純一, Joel J. Marciano
  • Organizer: 第144回地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会
• [Presentation] 惑星大気対流構造の解明にむけた雷放電探査観測計画 (2018)
  • Author(s): 佐藤光輝, 高橋幸弘, 春山純一, 今井正尭
  • Organizer: 気象学会2018年度秋季大会
• [Presentation] Development of Lightning Observation Network in the Western Pacific Region for the Intensity Prediction of Severe Weather and Tropical Cyclone (2018)
  • Author(s): Sato, M., Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, and J. J. Marciano
  • Organizer: 16th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The Ranking of Africa in Daily Global Lightning Activity (2018)
  • Author(s): Williams, E., A. Guha, Y. Liu, R. Boldi, E. Pracser, R. Said, G. Satori, T. Bozoki, J. Bor, M. Atkinson, C. Beggan, S. Cummer, F. Lyu, B. Fain, Y. Hobara, A. Koloskov, A. Kulak, R. McCraty, J. Mlynarczyk, J. Montanya, R. Moore, M. Neska, P. Ortega, C. Price, R. Rawat, M. Sato, A. Sinha, and Y. Yampolski
  • Organizer: 16th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Multi-point Measurement Campaigns of Gamma Rays from Thunderclouds and Lightning in Japan (2018)
  • Author(s): Enoto, T., Y. Wada, Y. Furuta, K. Nakazawa, T. Yuasa, K. Okuda, K. Makishima, M. Sato, Y. Sato, T. Nakano, D. Umemoto, H. Tsuchiya, M. Kamogawa, G. Bowers, D. Smith, T. Morimoto, Y. Nakamura, and D. Wang
  • Organizer: 16th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Latitudinal, Regional, and Seasonal Dependences of IC/CG Ratio Derived from JEM-GLIMS and Ground-based Lightning Network Data (2018)
  • Author(s): Kittanapat, B., M. Sato, T. Adachi, T. Ushio, and Y. Takahashi
  • Organizer: 16th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Simple Models of Lightning Clustering at the Planetary Scale: Implications for Remote Sensing Surveys (2018)
  • Author(s): Lorenz, R., Y. Takahashi, M. Sato, and K. Yamashita
  • Organizer: 16th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] ULAT Project: Lightning Observations in the Philippines and Western Pacific Region for the Intensity Prediction of Severe Weather (2018)
  • Author(s): Sato, M., Y. Takahashi, H. Kubota, K. Yamashita, J. Hamada, and J. J. Marciano
  • Organizer: Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) 15th Annual Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Observation study for understanding the relationship between lightning activity and tropical cyclone intensity in the Philippine Sea (2018)
  • Author(s): H. Kubota, Y. Takahashi, Sato, M., K. Yamashita, and J. Hamada
  • Organizer: Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) 15th Annual Meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Lightning Observations in the Philippines and Western Pacific Region for the Intensity Prediction of Severe Weather (2018)
  • Author(s): Sato, M., Y. Takahashi, K. Yamashita, H. Kubota, J. Hamada, and J. J. Marciano
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
• [Presentation] Latitudinal, Regional, and Seasonal Dependences of the IC to CG Ratio Derived from JEM-GLIMS and the Ground-based Lightning Network Data (2018)
  • Author(s): Kittanapat, B., M. Sato, Y. Takahashi, T. Adachi, and T. Ushio
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
• [Presentation] 地吹雪発生時の大気電場と雪粒子分布の時系列変化 (2018)
  • Author(s): 源泰拓, 鴨川仁, 門倉昭, 平沢尚彦, 佐藤光輝
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
• [Presentation] Relation between Lightning Electrical Parameters and Intensity of Typhoon Haiyan (2018)
  • Author(s): Niwa, S., M. Sato, and Y. Takahashi
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
• [Presentation] Global Occurrence Rates of Lightning, Elves, and Sprites and Their LT/Monthly/Seasonal Dependences Derived from JEM-GLIMS Observations (2018)
  • Author(s): Sato, T., M. Sato, Y. Takahashi, T. Ushio
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
• [Presentation] ULAT Project: Lightning Observations in the Philippines for the Intensity Prediction of Severe Weather (2018)
  • Author(s): Sato, M., Y. Takahashi, K. Yamashita, H. Kubota, J. Hamada, and J. J. Marciano
  • Organizer: EGU General Assembly 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Photonuclear reactions triggered by lightning discharges in a Japanese winter thunderstorm (2018)
  • Author(s): Enoto, T., Y. Wada, Y. Furuta, K. Nakazawa, T. Yuasa, K. Okuda, K. Makishima, M. Sato, Y. Sato, T. Nakano, D. Umemoto, H. Tsuchiya, and GROWTH collaboration
  • Organizer: EGU General Assembly 2018
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Remarks] JEM-GLIMSミッションホームページ
  • URL: http://www.ep.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~jemglims/index.html
• [Remarks] 佐藤研究室ホームページ：研究内容
  • URL: http://www.ep.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~msato/research.html