• Search Research Projects
  • Search Researchers
  • How to Use
  1. Back to project page

2017 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

Fractionation of major rock-forming elements in the early Solar System and its implication to the chemistry of chondrites and the Earth

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16H04080
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

橘 省吾  東京大学, 理学(系)研究科(研究院), 教授 (50361564)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 瀧川 晶  京都大学, 白眉センター, 特定助教 (10750367)
Project Period (FY) 2016-04-01 – 2019-03-31
Keywords元素分別 / フォルステライト / エンスタタイト / 凝縮 / 拡散 / 反応速度 / 初期太陽系
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

始源隕石コンドライトや地球型惑星の主要元素組成は,初期太陽系での元素分別過程で決定されたと考えられる.主要元素であるマグネシウム・ケイ素の存在比が地球と始原隕石コンドライトで異なることが知られており,この分別過程の鍵となると考えられるのは,フォルステライト(Mg2SiO4)とケイ素に富んだガスとの低圧条件下での反応によるエンスタタイト(MgSiO3)形成による固体Mg/Si比の変化過程である.本研究では,初期太陽系を模擬した低圧条件でエンスタタイト形成実験をおこない,その反応速度を決定する.結果を基に初期太陽系円盤でのエンスタタイト形成効率を推定し,Mg/Si分別が起きる条件およびコンドライトや地球の元素組成の関係を議論する(結晶分化の残渣がエンスタタイトコンドライトであるという新たな仮説の妥当性を検討する).エンスタタイト形成の基盤となるフォルステライトの低圧下での形成プロセスの理解が不十分であることもあり,フォルステライト形成過程を実験的にまず解明した.具体的には,水蒸気存在下ではフォルステライトの蒸発が抑制されること,ただし,低温条件においては,水蒸気による抑制の効果は熱力学的予想ほどには効かず,水素による蒸発促進の効果が卓越することがわかった.また,フォルステライトの低圧水素・水蒸気雰囲気での気相成長の反応障壁は蒸発の反応障壁と同程度もしくは小さいことが明らかとなった.

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

エンスタタイト形成プロセスの前段階であるフォルステライト形成に関する反応速度の実験的解明が完了した.特に水素,水蒸気といった原始惑星系円盤に存在する反応性の高い主要ガスの影響が明らかになった.(1)フォルステライト蒸発は水素中では促進されるが,水蒸気存在下では抑制されることが予想されてきた.しかし,これまで実験的に確認されてはいなかった.本研究により,水蒸気存在下では蒸発が抑制されることが示された.ただし,低温条件においては,水蒸気による抑制の効果は熱力学的予想ほどには効かず,水素による蒸発促進の効果が卓越することがわかった.(2)フォルステライトの低圧水素・水蒸気雰囲気での気相成長の反応障壁は蒸発の反応障壁と同程度もしくは小さいことが明らかとなった.エンスタタイト形成の基礎実験もおこない,実験条件を決定した.

Strategy for Future Research Activity

今年度はエンスタタイト形成反応速度を決定し,初期太陽系での元素分別を議論する.エンスタタイト形成実験の条件を決める基礎実験はすでに完了している.研究代表者の異動に伴い,装置の移動をおこなう必要があり,実験時間が限られる場合には実験条件を絞り込んで実施する.

  • Research Products

    (20 results)

All 2018 2017

All Journal Article (9 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 9 results,  Open Access: 3 results) Presentation (11 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 11 results,  Invited: 2 results)

  • [Journal Article] Water diffusion in silica glass through pathways formed by hydroxyls.2018

    • Author(s)
      Kuroda M.,Tachibana S.,Sakamoto N.,Nakamura M.,Okumura S.,Yurimoto H.
    • Journal Title

      American Mineralogist

      Volume: 103 Pages: 412-417

    • DOI

      10.2138/am-2018-6208

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] In situ 60Fe-60Ni systematics of chondrules from unequilibrated ordinary chondrites.2018

    • Author(s)
      Telus M., Huss G. R., Nagashima K., Ogliore R. C. and Tachibana S.
    • Journal Title

      Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

      Volume: 221 Pages: 342-357

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.013

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Non-destructive elemental analysis of a carbonaceous chondrite with direct current Muon beam at MuSIC.2017

    • Author(s)
      Terada K., Sato A., Ninomiya K., Kawashima Y., Shimomura K., Yoshida G., Kawai Y., Osawa T. and Tachibana S.
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 7 Pages: 15478

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-017-15719-5

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Dust formation and wind acceleration around the aluminum oxide_rich AGB star W Hydrae.2017

    • Author(s)
      Takigawa A., Kamizuka T., Tachibana S. and Yamamura I.
    • Journal Title

      Science Advances

      Volume: 3 Pages: eaao2149

    • DOI

      10.1126/sciadv.aao2149

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Liquid-like behavior of UV-irradiated interstellar ice analog at low temperatures.2017

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana S., Kouchi A., Hama T., Oba Y., Piani L., Sugawara I., Endo Y., Hidaka H., Kimura Y., Murata K., Yurimoto H. and Watanabe N.
    • Journal Title

      Science Advances

      Volume: 3 Pages: eaao2538

    • DOI

      10.1126/sciadv.aao2538

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Formation of an ultracarbonaceous antarctic micrometeorite through minimal aqueous alteration in a small porous icy body.2017

    • Author(s)
      Yabuta H., Noguchi T., Itoh S., Nakamura T., Miyake A., Tsujimoto S., Ohashi N., Sakamoto N., Hashiguchi M., Abe K., Okubo A., Kilcoyne A. L. D., Tachibana S., Okazaki R., Terada K., Ebihara M. and Nagahara H.
    • Journal Title

      Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

      Volume: 214 Pages: 172-190

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.047

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Hayabusa2 Sampler: Collection of Asteroidal Surface Material2017

    • Author(s)
      Sawada H., Okazaki R., Tachibana S., Sakamoto K., Takano Y., Okamoto C., Yano H., Miura Y., Abe M., Hasegawa S., Noguchi T. and Hayabusa2 SMP Team.
    • Journal Title

      Space Sci. Rev.

      Volume: 208 Pages: 81-106

    • DOI

      10.1007/s11214-017-0338-8

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Hayabusa2 sample catcher and container: Metal-seal system for vacuum encapsulation of returned samples with volatiles and organic compounds recovered from C-type asteroid Ryugu.2017

    • Author(s)
      Okazaki R., Sawada H., Yamanouchi S., Tachibana S., Miura Y. N., Sakamoto K., Takano Y., Abe M., Itoh S., Yamada K., Yabuta H., Okamoto C., Yano H., Noguchi T., Nakamura T., Nagao K. and Hayabusa2 SMP Team.
    • Journal Title

      Space Sci. Rev.

      Volume: 208 Pages: 107-124

    • DOI

      10.1007/s11214-016-0289-5

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Variation of mineralogy and organic material during the early stages of aqueous activity recorded in antarctic micrometeorites.2017

    • Author(s)
      Noguchi T., Yabuta H., Itoh S., Sakamoto N., Mitsunari T., Okubo A., Okazaki R., Nakamura T., Tachibana S., Terada K., Ebihara M., Imae N., Kimura M. and Nagahara H.
    • Journal Title

      Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

      Volume: 208 Pages: 119-144

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.gca.2017.03.034

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Role of sample return missions from small bodies in Solar System science.2018

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      Volatile elements in the Solar System.
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Laboratory experiments related to cosmochemistry.2018

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      Volatile elements in the Solar System.
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Chemistry of molecular-cloud macromolecular organic matter - Photochemical experiments with PICACHU.2018

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana S., Kouchi A., Sugawara I., Kimura Y., Hama T., Naraoka H. and Tamenori Y.
    • Organizer
      Solar-System symposium in Sapporo 2018
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Asteroid sample return missions - Hayabusa-2 and OSIRIS-REx.2018

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      Europlanet & International Space Science Institute Workshop "Role of Sample Return in Addressing Major Outstanding Questions in Planetary Sciences"
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Needed technologies: Sampling techniques for Hayabusa-2.2018

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      ISSI-Beijing Forum "Roads towards Sample Return from Comets and Asteroids"
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Key science drivers for new space missions: Solar System origin and formation scenarios.2018

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      ISSI-Beijing Forum "Roads towards Sample Return from Comets and Asteroids"
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Initial analysis of Ryugu samples.2017

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      Hayabusa Symposium 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Kinetics of dust growth under protoplanetary-disk conditions: Forsterite (Mg2SiO4).2017

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      Goldschmidt Conference 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Liquid-like behavior of UV-irradiated interstellar ice analog at low temperature.2017

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      International Symposium "Evolution of Molecules in Space"
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Estimation of sample yields collected by Hayabusa2 sampler by the ground-based experiment and on-site observation.2017

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      Multi-scale Planetary Science Workshop: Learn from the past achievements, live for the ongoing missions, hope for the future explorations
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Hayabusa2: Sample return from C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu.2017

    • Author(s)
      Tachibana, S.
    • Organizer
      Royal Astronomical Society Specialist Discussion meeting 'Science of Primitive Asteroid Sample Return Missions'
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited

URL: 

Published: 2018-12-17  

Information User Guide FAQ News Terms of Use Attribution of KAKENHI

Powered by NII kakenhi