Creation of a database for the creation, preservation, and utilization of historical sites and landmarks on the Kii Peninsula in the medieval period

2019 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 16K02069
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Tourism Studies
• Research Institution: Wakayama University
• Principal Investigator: KAIZU ICHIRO 和歌山大学, 教育学部, 教授 (20221864)
• Project Period (FY): 2016-04-01 – 2020-03-31
• Keywords: 捏造 / 名所旧跡 / 禅律僧 / 遊行上人 / 遺跡 / 自力救済 / 観光学批判

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Various sites of scenic beauty, historic interest and religious remains are scattered in the Kii Peninsula as registered as a world heritage "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range". It is a problem of this study to comprehensively analyze the formation process.
Almost all of them were the remains which were produced in the process of popular organization by ZENRITUSO force (a reformist sect of old Buddhism) in the establishment period of the medieval period, and three waves of Kyogyo in Kumanooji by Jishu sect in 1221, Kyogyo in Yuasa by Myoe sect in 1230, and Kyogyo in Koyasan Choishi-michi by Risshukyodan in 1281 became epoch-making and the political movement of "Remains performance" spread all over western part of Japan.
Even after the fall of the sokoku-ikki in the medieval period, the tradition of creation of remains continued in the Kii Peninsula, and fictitious historical sites such as Heike Monogatari, Taiheiki.etc, were fabricated in a wide area.

Free Research Field

観光学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究により、一部の埋蔵文化財を除いて、今日諸文化財指定・世界遺産登録されている紀伊半島の歴史遺産は、大半が中世起源の創作と認定される。さらに、そのなかの相当数が、現在の所伝とは異なる由緒をもつ創作遺跡であることが明らかになった。したがって、中世以来の史跡指定事業は、誤った歴史認識を地域民衆に摺込んだという負の側面をもつ。
だが、その一方で、地域民衆に歴史への関心を呼び覚まして、文化遺産の大切さを伝えたという意義もある（この点で、近代の皇国史観による勤王史跡指定などの歪なナショナリズム摺込みとは大きく異なる）。このような中世の史跡指定事業の功罪両面を踏まえることで今日の観光行政に自省を促す。