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2019 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Elucidation of the bacterial adaptive immune system of extremely thermophilic bacterium by high-resolution structural studies

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 16K07285
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Research Field Structural biochemistry
Research InstitutionInstitute of Physical and Chemical Research

Principal Investigator

Shinkai Akeo  国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 開拓研究本部, 先任研究員 (10391989)

Project Period (FY) 2016-04-01 – 2020-03-31
KeywordsCRISPR-Cas / Cmr複合体 / 超分子複合体 / リボヌクレオタンパク質 / リボヌクレアーゼ / 低分子RNA / 無細胞タンパク質合成法
Outline of Final Research Achievements

CRISPR-Cas system is a bacterial adaptive immune system, which degrade foreign DNA or RNA such as that derived from virus. Cmr complex, which is composed of six proteins (Cmr1~Cmr6) and a small RNA (crRNA), is one of the components of the CRISPR-Cas. The Cmr complex cleaves the single strand RNA complementary to the crRNA. The Cmr complex derived from extremely thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus, and the two mutant complexes, which lacks Cmr1 or Cmr5, were constructed in vitro by using E. coli cell free protein synthesis method, and then, their structures and RNase activities were investigated. We found that RNase activity of the Cmr complex was increased by lacking Cmr1. Without Cmr5, structure of the Cmr complex become unstable and the target RNA was irregularly cleaved. Thus, the Cmr1 and Cmr5 play roles in controlling the RNase activity of the Cmr complex.

Free Research Field

分子生物学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

CRISPR-Cas系は多くの細菌が持つ獲得免疫系で、細胞へ侵入してくるウイルスなどのDNAやRNAを分解する装置である。CRISPR-Cas系はヒトなどの高等生物が持つ獲得免疫システムの原型とも考えられるので、本システムの作用機構を解明することは獲得免疫システムの進化を考察する際に重要である。CRISPR-Casシステムを構成しているCmr複合体は6種類のタンパク質と1種類の低分子RNAからなる超分子複合体で、一本鎖RNAを分解する活性を持つ。Cmr複合体の構造形成や活性発現において複合体を構成している蛋白質がどのように機能しているのかを明らかにすることは、蛋白質科学的にも重要である。

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Published: 2021-02-19  

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