2007 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Development of snowmelt runoff prediction system based on distributed snowmelt runoff model and airborne laser profiler snow depth observation
| Project/Area Number |
17360231
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
水工水理学
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| Research Institution | Nagaoka University of Technology |
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Principal Investigator |
LU Minjiao Nagaoka University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Professor (80240406)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
KUMAKURA Toshiro Nagaoka University of Tachnology, 工学部, Associate professor (00272865)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2005 – 2007
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| Keywords | Laser observation / Snow accumulation / Snowmelt / Runoff analysis / Distributed model / Snowmelt model / Water resources / Snow depth distribution |
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| Research Abstract |
The main purpose of this study is to develop a new method to predict the amount and distribution of snow within a basin using new airborne laser scanning technology and our distributed snowmelt model.
As a new technology, the progresses in GPS technology and laser scanning technology make the survey with spatial resolution of 0.5m practically available. In this study, it is tried to obtain snow depth by two laser scanning, one in snow free season and one in snow covered season. Digital data of snow depth as well as digital elevation model derived from airborne laser scanner over three river basins, namely the Echigo Hillside Park, the Yagisawa river basin within Tone river basin and the Saguri River basin within Shinano river basin. It is shown that the airborne laser profiler can be a powerful tool to make observation of the snow depth over a vast area. And also the characteristics of the distribution of the snow depth, and their relationship with many topographical factors are analyze
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d.
In order to compare snow depth derived from about laser observation, an one-dimensional snowpack model talking into account of the viscous compression by the weight of the snowpack itself is developed and implemented into our distributed snowmelt runoff model. Prior to the comparison, precipitation adjustment is studied first. It turned out that the observed snowfall is significantly underestimated. In order to maintain the annual water balance, both gauge adjustment and altitudinal adjustment are necessary. The calculated snow depth considering these adjustments is then compared with the observed ones. It is shown that the calculated snow depth distribution can basically represent the observed one though it is underestimated along the valley lines and overestimated along the ridge lines.
And also ground based observation by using a portable laser scanner over a small hillside slope showed no significant differences of the snowfall for several snowfall events. This implies the possible importance of re-distribution caused by blizzards and local avalanches within the basins. Less
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