Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with aggressive periodontitis or severe chronic periodontitis in Japanese

2007 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary

• Project/Area Number: 17592169
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Periodontal dentistry
• Research Institution: The Nippon Dental University
• Principal Investigator: SUZUKI Asami The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Assistant Professor (60318540)
• Project Period (FY): 2005 – 2007
• Keywords: periodontitis / methylation

Research Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease causing destruction of periodontal tissues. It is a multifactor disease involving genetic factors, immunological factors and oral environmental factors. To determine genetic and epigenetic factors associated with aggressive periodontitis or severe chronic periodontitis in Japanese, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and degree of methylation in collagen type 1 alpha 1 gene were investigated as a first step.
Genomic DNA samples were extracted individually inflammatory and non-inflammatory periodontal tissues which were cut out for periodontal treatment. We analyzed the degree of DNA methylation in CpG islands around promoter region of COL1A1 gene with Mass ARRAY[○!R]EpiTYPERTM each patient.
In the present results, there were statistically significant differences in the degree of DNA methylation in severe chronic periodontitis between inflammatory and non-inflammatory tissue, though there was no significant difference in aggressive periodontitis.
In the previous association study with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we reported that SNPs in COL1A1 gene associated with aggressive periodontitis, did not associate with severe chronic periodontitis. And in patients with severe chronic periodontitis, SNPs in CTSD, HSPG2, COL17A1, EGF genes were significant difference. In patients with aggressive periodontitis, SNPs in COL4A1, COL1A1, IL6ST, PTGDS, KRT23 genes were siginificant difference.
Collagen is a main material of periodontal tissue. The destruction of collagen was recognized in periodontitis. These results suggested that genetic or epigenetic factors associated aggressive periodontitis and severe chronic periodontitis. Then it is necessary to research in more other genes effects on these periodontitis.