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2019 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

微生物バイオメカニクスの深化

Research Project

Project/Area Number 17H00853
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

石川 拓司  東北大学, 工学研究科, 教授 (20313728)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 菊地 謙次  東北大学, 工学研究科, 准教授 (00553801)
大森 俊宏  東北大学, 工学研究科, 助教 (10633456)
Project Period (FY) 2017-04-01 – 2021-03-31
Keywords微生物 / バイオメカニクス / 計算生体工学 / 実験生体工学 / 理論生体工学
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本年度は、主に分子スケールと細胞スケール、メゾスケール、マクロスケールの研究課題を推進し、応用研究へと展開した。主要な研究実績は以下の通りである。
1.せん断流れ条件下において、細胞膜や赤血球膜を模擬したベシクル膜上の膜タンパク挙動をDPD手法により調べ、移流と拡散による膜タンパクの輸送現象を明らかにした(Nakamura, et al., Biophys. J. 2019) 2.繊毛の協調運動を表現できる微生物の数理モデル化に世界で初めて成功し、微生物遊泳中においては繊毛層のエネルギ損失が極めて高いことを発見した(Ito, et al., J. Fluid Mech., 2019) 3.微細藻類が走地性を示すメカニズムを調べ、従来言われたbottom-heavinessの効果よりも、形の非対称性の効果が重要であることを解明した(Kage, et al., J. Exp. Biol., 2020) 4.微細藻類のGoniumの走光性現象に対する実験と理論、数値シミュレーションを実施し、走光性を示すメカニズムを解明した(Maleprade, et al., Phys. Rev. E, 2020) 5.線虫がバクテリアを捕食するメカニズムを調べ、線虫のフィルターの微細構造と摂食メカニズム、および摂食機能を解明した(Suzuki, et al., Theor. Appl. Mech. Lett., 2019) 6.生体内の3次元的な物質輸送を、顕微鏡下で高時間解像度で計測する手法を開発した(Kikuchi, et al., PLoS ONE, 2019)

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

2019年度は、特筆すべき研究成果として、ケンブリッジ大学のGoldstein研究室と共同で微細藻類のGoniumの走光性現象を解明したことである(Maleprade, et al., Phys. Rev. E, 2020)。この研究では、Goniumが光に対面する鞭毛の運動を短時間停止することにより、光の方向へと方向転換していることを明らかにした。この成果は、世界最先端の実験と理論、数値シミュレーションが有機的に融合することで初めて生まれるものであり、当初の予定よりも早く成果が結実した。また、応用研究課題の可視化手法の開発にも成功しており(Kikuchi, et al., PLoS ONE, 2019)、当初の計画以上に研究が進展していると判断した。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

本研究では、微生物の力学環境に着目し、ナノスケールから細胞スケールに駆動力などの物性値を渡し、細胞スケールからメゾスケールに走性などの細胞応答を、メゾスケールからマクロスケールに応力や拡散などのテンソル量を渡すことで、ナノスケールからマクロスケールに至るまでの微生物懸濁液の振る舞いを記述する革新的な解析プラットフォームを構築する。
令和2年度は、主に全スケールの研究課題、総括および応用課題に取り組む。具体的には、以下の課題に取り組む。
1.微細藻類の協調運動の安定性解析 2.微生物の遊泳と代謝を司る基本法則の解明 3.腸内流動の可視化と腸内細菌の挙動の解明 4.ビール醸造過程における酵母の運動メカニズムの解明 5.高濃度環境下における線虫の生存メカニズムの解明 6.ランダムノイズを利用して駆動するマイクロロボットの開発 7.微生物の協調遊泳を利用したアクティブ液滴の開発

  • Research Products

    (27 results)

All 2020 2019 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (1 results) Journal Article (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 6 results) Presentation (19 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 16 results,  Invited: 5 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] ケンブリッジ大学(英国)

    • Country Name
      UNITED KINGDOM
    • Counterpart Institution
      ケンブリッジ大学
  • [Journal Article] The shape effect of flagella is more important than bottom-heaviness on passive gravitactic orientation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii2020

    • Author(s)
      Azusa Kage, Toshihiro Omori, Kenji Kikuchi and Takuji Ishikawa
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Experimental Biology

      Volume: 223 Pages: jeb205989

    • DOI

      10.1242/jeb.205989

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Motility and Phototaxis of Gonium, the Simplest Differentiated Colonial Alga2020

    • Author(s)
      Helene de Maleprade, Frederic Moisy, Takuji Ishikawa, Raymond E. Goldstein
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review E

      Volume: 101 Pages: 022416

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevE.101.022416

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Depth measurement of molecular permeation using inclined confocal microscopy2019

    • Author(s)
      Kenji Kikuchi, Shunsuke Shigeta, and Takuji Ishikawa
    • Journal Title

      PLoS ONE

      Volume: 14 Pages: e0214504

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pone.0214504

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Shear-induced migration of a transmembrane protein within a vesicle2019

    • Author(s)
      Koyo Nakamura, Toshihiro Omori, Takuji Ishikawa
    • Journal Title

      Biophysical Journal

      Volume: 116 Pages: 1483-1494

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.bpj.2019.03.017

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Swimming mediated by ciliary beating: Comparison with a squirmer model2019

    • Author(s)
      Hiroaki Ito, Toshihiro Omori and Takuji Ishikawa
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Fluid Mechanics

      Volume: 874 Pages: 774-796

    • DOI

      10.1017/jfm.2019.490

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Particle selectivity of filtering by C. elegans2019

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Suzuki, Kenji Kikuchi, Keiko Tsuruta-Numayama, Takuji Ishikawa
    • Journal Title

      Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters

      Volume: 9 Pages: 61-65

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.taml.2019.02.001

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Biomechanics can provide a new perspective on microbiology2020

    • Author(s)
      Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Physics of Soft, Active and Living Matter
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Biomechanics as a tool for understanding microorganisms2020

    • Author(s)
      Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      Mini-symposium on Fluid-Structure Interactions: From Engineering to Biomimetic Systems
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Enhancement of Transdermal Drug Delivery by Rotational Stimulation Device2019

    • Author(s)
      Y. Kurosawa, K. Kikuchi, K. Numayama-Tsuruta, T. Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      16th International Conference on Fluid Dynsmics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] High Viscous Fluid Flow in C. elegans Pharynx2019

    • Author(s)
      Y. Suzuki, K. Kikuchi, K. Numayama-Tsuruta, T. Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      16th International Conference on Fluid Dynsmics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Simulation of a Biofilm-Formation in a Microfluidic Channel2019

    • Author(s)
      H. Kitamura , T. Omori, T. Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      16th International Conference on Fluid Dynsmics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Pumping Function for a Fresh-water Sponge2019

    • Author(s)
      S. Koyama, K. Kikuchi, K. Numayama-Tsuruta, T. Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      16th International Conference on Fluid Dynsmics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] On Transport of Yeasts2019

    • Author(s)
      Atul Srivastava, Kenji Kikuchi, Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      10th Asian-Pacific Conference on Biomechanics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Inflamed Intestinal Flow in Zebrafish Larva2019

    • Author(s)
      Masahiro Takahashi, K. Numayama-Tsuruta, Kenji Kikuchi, Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      10th Asian-Pacific Conference on Biomechanics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Numerical Simulation of a Droplet Propelled by Collective Swimming of Microorganisms2019

    • Author(s)
      Zhihan Huang, Toshihiro Omori, Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      10th Asian-Pacific Conference on Biomechanics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Swimming Spermatozoa2019

    • Author(s)
      Nanami Taketoshi, Toshihiro Omori, Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      10th Asian-Pacific Conference on Biomechanics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Harnessing low Reynolds number flow for net migration: Locomotion of a deformable microcapsule by random fluid forces2019

    • Author(s)
      Takuji Ishikawa, Takeru Morita, Toshihiro Omori, Yohei Nakayama, Shoichi Toyabe
    • Organizer
      72nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Towards the rheology of a concentrated array of spherical squirmers2019

    • Author(s)
      Tim Pedley, Takuji Ishikawa, Douglas Brumley
    • Organizer
      72nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Mixing and pumping functions in a zebrafish larval intestine2019

    • Author(s)
      Kenji Kikuchi, Hyeongtak Noh, Keiko Numayama-Tsuruta, Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      72nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Pump Function of C. elegans Pharynx in Highly Viscous Environments2019

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Suzuki, Kenji Kikuchi, Keiko Numayama-Tsuruta, Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      72nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] How do colonial micro-algae swim towards light?2019

    • Author(s)
      Helene De Maleprade, Frederic Moisy, Takuji Ishikawa, Raymond E. Goldstein
    • Organizer
      72nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Collision of two deformable torque swimmers2019

    • Author(s)
      Hitomu Matsui, Toshihiro Omori, Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      72nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Biomechanics can provide a new perspective on microbiology2019

    • Author(s)
      Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      Mathematical Biology and Ecology Seminar, University of Oxford
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Biomechanics can provide a new perspective on microbiology2019

    • Author(s)
      Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      Mathematical Physics Seminar, University of York
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Biomechanics can provide a new perspective on microbiology2019

    • Author(s)
      Takuji Ishikawa
    • Organizer
      Fluid Dynamics Seminar, Imperial College London
    • Invited
  • [Remarks] Biological Flow Studies Laboratory

    • URL

      http://www.bfsl.mech.tohoku.ac.jp/

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Published: 2021-01-27  

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