2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Studies on threats and menaces in early medieval Europe: codes, forms, and functions
| Project/Area Number |
17K03186
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
History of Europe and America
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| Research Institution | The University of Tokyo (2022)
Aoyama Gakuin University (2017-2021) |
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Principal Investigator |
KIKUCHI Shigeto 東京大学, 大学院人文社会系研究科(文学部), 准教授 (80712562)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2017-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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| Keywords | フランク王国 / 威嚇 / 文書形式学 / 刑罰 / 命令伝達・執行 / 訓戒 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In this study, I focused particularly on sanction clauses in documents and mandates of Frankish monarchs during the 8th- and 9th-century. For example, I analysed the threats of fines for infringement of rights in the documents related to the immunity-privileges and the threats of deprivation of "gratia" in mandates of monarchs, and succeeded in contextualizing each in the process of policy formulation and implementation. I also analyzed spiritual threats (excommunication, wrath of God, etc.) found in papal documents and succeeded in linking them to attempts by ninth-century popes to emphasize papal authority. On the other hand, the analysis of historical narratives, such as the annals, showed that contemporaries viewed the act of "threat and menace" either positively or negatively, depending on the circumstances.
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| Free Research Field |
西洋中世史
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
本研究は、威嚇が効果を持つには、その背後にある力が威嚇者と被威嚇者の双方に共有されていなくてはならないということを前提にして進められた。威嚇の作法・様態・機能・認識などを威嚇者・被威嚇者・観察者のそれぞれに目を向けた考察を進める中、一つの社会あるいは文化圏における威嚇をめぐるこれらの諸要素の総体を「威嚇の文化」として把握するという視角が得られた。こうした文化が共有されている状況においては、威嚇が秩序の創出・安定に寄与し得ること、他方でこれら共有されていない場合は対立のエスカレートにつながり得る。こうした視角・地検は現代社会の把握にも寄与し得るものと思われる。
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