Income Inequality within Regions and between Regions in Asian Developing Countries: An Analysis on the Situation and Factors

2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 17K03714
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Economic policy
• Research Institution: Chuo University
• Principal Investigator: Hayashi Mitsuhiro 中央大学, 経済学部, 教授 (80367672)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Keywords: 地域間所得格差 / 地域内所得格差 / 要因分解 / 教育 / アジア途上諸国 / インドネシア / フィリピン / インド

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In Indonesia and India, inequality in per capita expenditure, as measured by the Theil index, tended to expand in the observation period. In the Philippines, its inequality improved over the period, although the level still remains high. The share of disparity between urban and rural areas is relatively lower than that of disparity within urban and rural areas, due to the use of the conventional Theil method. However, when using Elbers’ decomposition approach, the share of disparity between urban and rural areas increased substantially, in all three countries. This study decomposes the differences in mean per capita expenditure between urban and rural areas into several household features, using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method. As a result, in all three countries, differences in education appear a key determinant of urban-rural disparity, accounting for 30-60% of the urban-rural expenditure gap. Differences in job sectors also contribute to the gap.

Free Research Field

開発経済学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

これまでの研究は、取扱いの容易なクロスカントリー・データや集計されたデータにもとづいて格差を分析したものが多かった。データの入手や処理に手間を要する時系列の家計調査データを使い、特定の国全体を対象にし、都市・農村等の空間的側面を強く意識した研究やそのようにして複数の国を比較分析した研究は少なかった。本研究はインドネシア、フィリピン、インドの家計調査原データを用い、一国内の空間的格差とその要因の詳細な研究を実施した点で、またそれら3か国の比較分析を行なった点で学術的な意義を有する。ILOデリー事務所で本研究の報告を行ない、ILOのインド向け政策に何らかの影響を与えたという点でも意義があった。