How the State-sponsored Deposit Insurance System Contributed to the Failed Bank Procedures under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the US

2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 17K03851
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Economic history
• Research Institution: Yamanashi Prefectural University
• Principal Investigator: Kurohane Masako 山梨県立大学, 国際政策学部, 名誉教授 (50330733)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2023-03-31
• Keywords: 米国州法銀行史 / 米国預金保険制度史 / 米国州法銀行制度史 / 日米地方銀行史の比較 / 銀行経営者史

Outline of Final Research Achievements

First, I studied the details of the ways of failed bank procedures in national bank system and the state bank systems and at the same time their historical development. It was revealed that most of those technique gradually developed from before the national bank system (the dual banking system) established in 1863, namely state banks system era. In addition, various technique about liquidations and the reorganizations of the failed banks was brought about from trials and errors while experiencing a large number of bank failures of the 1920s in the state-sponsored deposit insurance system introduced in the early 20th century. I got a conclusion that I could not deny that these experiences were reflected in the failed bank procedures of the Federal Deposit Insurance System.

Free Research Field

米国金融史、日米比較金融史

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

米国においては連邦預金保険制度成立以後、とりわけ1980年以後同制度の存在意義を否定する議論が高まり、かれらは、今日においては米国の金融制度の脆弱性が、建国以来のポピュリズム思想と19世紀末のポピュリスト運動によって生み出されたものと断じる。本研究では、米国に独特な金融諸制度を生み出した背景に、ポピュリズム的思想が存在することを認めつつも、金融自由化が進み、危機の規模が大きくなる中で、預金保険制度の持つ、システミックリスク回避や破綻銀行の整理・再建等の機能が重要な意味を持つことを示し、国民が長期にわたって形成してきた政治経済思想とそれが生み出した制度を是非を簡単には評価できないことを示した。