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2019 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Gene editing for corneal dystrophy using CRISPR/Cas9

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 17K11446
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Research Field Ophthalmology
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

Usui Tomohiko  東京大学, 医学部附属病院, 届出診療員 (80282557)

Project Period (FY) 2017-04-01 – 2020-03-31
Keywords角膜ジストロフィ / 遺伝子編集
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Granular corneal dystrophy (GCD) is caused by a point mutation in the transforming growth factor-β-induced (TGFBI) gene. To correct genetic defects in GCD patient cells, we designed a disease-specific guide RNA (gRNA) targeting the R124H mutation of TGFBI. An R124H mutation in human corneal keratocytes derived from a GCD patient was corrected by delivering a CRISPR plasmid expressing Cas9/gRNA and a single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide HDR donor template in vitro. No off-target effects were detected.
R124C mutation in TGFBI causes lattice corneal dystrophy type 1. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to establish the Tgfbi mutant mouse model. TGFBI-R124C mice were generated using ssODN-mediated base-pair substitution introduced via CRISPR-Cas9. Mice carrying base substitution in Tgfbi showed high frequency of corneal opacity. Corneal epithelial wound healing was affected by TGFBI-R124C mutation. This mouse model will help delineate the pathogenic mechanisms of human corneal dystrophy.

Free Research Field

眼科

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本課題における検討で、CRISPR-Cas9システムは、TGFBI遺伝子の点変異をin vitroにおいて正常に編集可能なことを示した。現在外科的治療では再発が必発であり、薬物治療法が全く存在しないTGFBI角膜ジストロフィの根治療法開発の基盤となる。
また高高率に角膜混濁が生じる本疾患のモデル動物は存在しなかったが、我々が作製したマウスは高率に角膜混濁を生じ、今後、遺伝子治療含め、本疾患に対する治療効果の検討をin vivoで行う意味で大変有用なモデル動物である。また現在までよく分かっていないTGFBI角膜ジストロフィにおける角膜混濁のメカニズム解明にも有用であると考えられる。

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Published: 2021-02-19  

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