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2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Transgutaminases in gial cells and neurodegenerative diseases

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 17K15390
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Research Field Integrative animal science
Research InstitutionOsaka Prefecture University

Principal Investigator

Takano Katsura  大阪府立大学, 生命環境科学研究科, 准教授 (50453139)

Project Period (FY) 2017-04-01 – 2021-03-31
Keywordsミクログリア / アストロサイト / トランスグルタミナーゼ / 神経変性疾患 / アルツハイマー病
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Transglutaminase (TG) is a crosslinking enzyme and contributes to various physiological functions. TGs have 8 isozymes and TG2 among them is unique as multifunctional enzyme. TG2 is normally expressed at low levels and activated under various pathological conditions. In CNS, TGs are expressed in neurons and glial cells. It has been shown that TGs are aberrantly-activated in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s. Increased TG activity may contribute to the formation of insoluble deposits; however, the mechanisms remain to be clarified. On the other hand, it also has been shown that aberrant activation of glia; excessive production of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines, phagocytosis of viable neurons, and so on, causes neurodegeneration. We demonstrated that TG2 was upregulated in astrocytes and microglia by activation and involved in glial functions such as inflammation and endocytosis. Therefore, TGs might be a novel therapeutic target for neurodegeneration.

Free Research Field

神経化学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

グリア細胞の機能制御が正常な脳内環境の維持に重要であることは周知の事実となりつつあり、グリア細胞の炎症反応を単に抑制する化合物は報告されているが、対症療法にすぎない。TGsは神経変性疾患での発現上昇などは知られているものの、グリア細胞での発現およびその機能についての報告は少ない。また、TGs活性阻害剤がハンチントン病モデル動物において症状軽減および延命効果があるとの報告もあり、TGsは新規の脳疾患治療薬のターゲットとなりうる。本研究成果により、グリア細胞におけるTGsの発現および機能調節機構が解明されれば、神経変性疾患における神経細胞死を保護する新たな薬剤の開発につながることが期待される。

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Published: 2022-01-27  

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