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2007 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

革新的プラズマ理工学応用による炭素起源ナノバイオ研究未踏領域の開拓

Research Project

Project/Area Number 18104011
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

畠山 力三  Tohoku University, 大学院・工学研究科, 教授 (00108474)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 大原 渡  山口大学, 大学院・理工学研究科, 准教授 (80312601)
金子 俊郎  東北大学, 大学院・工学研究科, 准教授 (30312599)
平田 孝道  武蔵工業大学, 工学部, 准教授 (80260420)
Keywords炭素ナノバイオ / 内包チューブ / ナノpn接合 / 原子内包C_60 / DNA・コロイド
Research Abstract

本年度は,本研究期間5年間の2年目該当の六項目計画を実践し,以下の成果が得られた.
1.空の高品質単層カーボンナノチューブ(SWNT)の生成と供給:独自に開発した拡散プラズマCVD法により合成される空の高品質単独・孤立垂直配向SWNTの損傷効果を含む成長時間発展拡張方程式の導出に成功し,これを用いてプラズマ中の原子状水素がエッチングを引き起こす物質であることを特定できた.このSWNT成長機構詳細解明により,プラズマイオン照射実験への供給の可能性が高まった.
2.新アルカリ-フラーレンプラズマの発生:フラーレンの種類(サイズ)を変えオーブンを工夫してC_<70>及びC_<84>を用いる新アルカリ-高次フラーレンプラズマを生成した.また,原子内包フラーレンの供給については,極小ミラー磁場型ECRプラズマよりもダブルプラズマ電子ビーム方式の方がN@C_<60>の合成効率が高いことを見出した.さらに(Li@C_<60>)+-C_<60>-の準ペアフラーレンイオンプラズマの発生に向けて昇華オーブンを改良して実験を行った結果,有望な成果が得られつつある.
3.内包SWNTの新電子物性評価(FET):アルカリ金属内包のLi@SWNTは,n型のCs.K,及びNa内包SWNTとは異なり両極性半導体特性を発現した.また,電子アクセプターのハロゲン原子内包のI@SWNTは,強固なp型輸送特性を示すことが明らかになった.
4.内包DWNTの新電子物性評価:上記2の新しいプラズマ中の基板バイアス法で合成されたC_<70>@DWNTとC_<84>@DWNTの電圧-電流曲線における負性微分抵抗特性の閾値電圧が,フラーレンの直径が大きく(バンドギャップが小さく)なると直線的に減少する傾向が観測された.
5.pn接合型内包SWNTの新電子物性評価:(Cs/C_<60>)@SWNTに加えて,新アルカリ-ハロゲン(Cs+-I-)プラズマのパラメータを詳細に変えて多くの(Cs/I)@SWNTを創製し電圧-電流特性測定を行なった結果,これらは大気安定な整流(ダイオード)特性を発現することが実証された.
6.DNA負イオン照射SWNTの電気特性とナノーバイオ融合新概念電解質プラズマの導入:1重螺旋DNA内包SWNTのFET特性を測定した結果,塩基の種類に応じ異なる半導体特性を示すことが判明した.また,正負イオンのみから成るイオン液体を空のSWNTを塗布したアノードとカソード電極で挟み込み,液体プラズマ中で基板バイアス法を適用してイオン液体分子内包SWNTの創製を試みた.

  • Research Products

    (68 results)

All 2008 2007

All Journal Article (22 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 22 results) Presentation (45 results) Patent(Industrial Property Rights) (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Kinetics of reactive ion etching upon single-walled carbon nanotubes2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Kato
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Letters 92

      Pages: 031502-1-031502-3

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Azafullerene Encapsulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with n-Type Electrical Transport Property2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Journal Title

      Journal of the American Chemical Society 130

      Pages: 2714-2715

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Air-Stable p-n Junction Diodes Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulating Fe Nanoparticles2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. F. Li
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Letters 90

      Pages: 173127-1-173127-3

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Drift-Wave Instability Modified by Superimposed Parallel and Perpendicular Plasma Flow Velocity Shears2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Journal Title

      Transactions of Fusion Science and Technology 51

      Pages: 103-105

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Nonlinear Effects of High Power Plug/Barrier ECRH on Propagation and Radiation of Cyclotron Waves2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Journal Title

      Transactions of Fusion Science and Technology 51

      Pages: 154-159

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] One-Dimmensional Analysis of Polarization Reversal Relating to Electron Cyclotron Resonance2007

    • Author(s)
      K. Takahashi
    • Journal Title

      Transactions of Fusion Science and Technology 51

      Pages: 313-315

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Enhancement and Suppression of Velocity-Shear-Driven Drift Instability Due to Negative Ions2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Ichiki
    • Journal Title

      Transactions of Fusion Science and Technology 51

      Pages: 241-243

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Formation of C_<60>-Encapsulated Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Novel Electrical Transport Properties Based on Plasma Technology2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. F. Li
    • Journal Title

      Plasma and Fusion Research 2

      Pages: 017-1-017-2

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Ion Irradiation Effects on Ionic Liquids Interfaced with RF Discharge Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      K. Baba
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Letters 90

      Pages: 201501-1-201501-3

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Basic Studies of the Generation and Collective Motion of Pair-Ion Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      W. Oohara
    • Journal Title

      Physics of Plasmas 14

      Pages: 055704-1-055704-7

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] N-Type and P-Type Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors Based on Charge-Transfer Modulation2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. F. Li
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics A 88

      Pages: 745-749

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Verification of Polarization Reversal of Electromagnetic Waves with Electron Cyclotron Frequency Controlling Plasma-Structure Formation2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Journal Title

      Plasma and Fusion Research 2

      Pages: 038-1-038-9

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Collective Mode Properties in a Paired Fullerene-Ion Plasma2007

    • Author(s)
      W. Oohara
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review E 75

      Pages: 056403-1-056403-9

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] ナノスコピックプラズマプロセスによるバイオデバイス構築2007

    • Author(s)
      平田孝道
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research 83

      Pages: 647-657

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Measurement of the Energy Distribution of Trapped and Free Electrons in a Current-Free Double Layer2007

    • Author(s)
      K. Takahashi
    • Journal Title

      Physics of Plasmas 14

      Pages: 114503-1-114503-4

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Experimental characterization of a density peak at low magnetic fields in a helicon plasma souece2007

    • Author(s)
      G. Sato
    • Journal Title

      Plasma Sources Science and Technology 16

      Pages: 734-741

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] An Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Configuration for Increasing the Efficiency in the Yield of Nitrogen Endohedral Fullerenes2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Journal Title

      Physics of Plasmas 14

      Pages: 110705-1-110705-3

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Synthesis and Electronic-property Control of Cs-Encapsulated Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics 102

      Pages: 034309-1-034309-7

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Cesium-Filled SingleWall Carbon Nanotubes as Conducting Nanowire Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Study2007

    • Author(s)
      S. H. Kim
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Letters 99

      Pages: 256407-1-256407-4

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Creation of Functional Carbon Nanotubes by Plasma Processing2007

    • Author(s)
      畠山力三
    • Journal Title

      応用電子物性分科会会誌 13

      Pages: 4-7

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Development of a vitamin-protein sensor based on carbon nanotube hybrid materials2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Hirata
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Letters 90

      Pages: 233106-1-233106-3

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Field-Aligned and Transverse Plasma-Potential Structures Induced by Electron Cyclotron Waves2007

    • Author(s)
      K. Takahashi
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Letters 91

      Pages: 261502-1-261502-3

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] 気相-液相界面プラズマの生成と応用(Generation and Application of Gas-Liquid Interfacial Plasmas)2008

    • Author(s)
      畠山力三
    • Organizer
      第55回応用物理学関係連合講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      日本大学
    • Year and Date
      2008-03-27
  • [Presentation] Growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes using different catalysts with plasma and thermal CVD2008

    • Author(s)
      Z. Gorannevis
    • Organizer
      The 1st International Conference on Plasma-Nanotechnology & Science
    • Place of Presentation
      Nagoya University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2008-03-14
  • [Presentation] Creation of Functional Carbon Nanotubes by Plasma Process Control2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      International Carbon Nanotube Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      Nagoya University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2008-02-14
  • [Presentation] ナノエレクトロニクス的機能性CNTのプラズマプロセスシング創製(Plasma Processing Creation of Nanoelecttonically Functional Carbon Nanotubes)2008

    • Author(s)
      畠山力三
    • Organizer
      学振「未踏・ナノデバイステクノロジー」151委員会研究会「ナノワイヤのエレクトロニクスへの応用」
    • Place of Presentation
      逗子市KKR逗子松汀園
    • Year and Date
      2008-02-01
  • [Presentation] Growth Equation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes upon Plasma CVD2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Kato
    • Organizer
      The 25th Symposium on Plasma Processing
    • Place of Presentation
      山口県教育会館
    • Year and Date
      2008-01-24
  • [Presentation] Formation and Characteristics of Azafullerene Using Highly Dissociated Nitrogen Plasmas2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      The 25th Symposium on Plasma Processing
    • Place of Presentation
      山口県教育会館
    • Year and Date
      2008-01-23
  • [Presentation] Effects of Various Plasma Ions Irradiation on the Ionic Liquid Electrode2008

    • Author(s)
      K. Baba
    • Organizer
      The 25th Symposium on Plasma Processing
    • Place of Presentation
      山口県教育会館
    • Year and Date
      2008-01-23
  • [Presentation] Electrical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Irradiated with Ions in a Calcium Plasma2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Shimizu
    • Organizer
      The 25th Symposium on Plasma Processing
    • Place of Presentation
      山口県教育会館
    • Year and Date
      2008-01-23
  • [Presentation] Identification of Nitrogen Ion and Radical Species Related to N@C_<60> Synthesis2008

    • Author(s)
      T. Endo
    • Organizer
      The 25th Symposium on Plasma Processing
    • Place of Presentation
      山口県教育会館
    • Year and Date
      2008-01-23
  • [Presentation] Effects of Ionic Liquids on Radio Frequency Discharge Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      The 5th Asia-Pacific International Symposium on the Basic and Application of Plasma Technology
    • Place of Presentation
      Cheng Shiu University, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2007-12-11
  • [Presentation] Growth kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes produced by plasma CVD2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      The 5th Asia-Pacific International Symposium on the Basics and Applications of Plasma Technology
    • Place of Presentation
      Cheng Shin University, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2007-12-10
  • [Presentation] Formation of Air-Stable Gas-Atom Encapsulated Silicon Clusters Using Silicon Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      M. Yabuno
    • Organizer
      The 5th Asia-Pacific International Symposium on the Basic and Application of Plasma Technology
    • Place of Presentation
      Cheng Shiu University, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2007-12-10
  • [Presentation] DNA Nano Processing in Electrolyte Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      18th Symposium of the Materials Research Society of Japan (International Symposium)
    • Place of Presentation
      Nihon University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-12-08
  • [Presentation] Growth kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes under plasma CVD2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kato
    • Organizer
      International Workshop on Nanostructure & Nanoelectronics
    • Place of Presentation
      Tohoku University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-11-22
  • [Presentation] Nanoelectronics-Oriented Carbon Nanotubes Created Using Plasma Nanotechnolgy2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      International Workshop on Nanostructure & Nanoelectronics
    • Place of Presentation
      Tohoku University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-11-21
  • [Presentation] Superposition of Parallel and Perpendicular Flow Velocity Shears in Magnetized Hybrid-Ion Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      The 49th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics-the American Physical Society
    • Place of Presentation
      Rosen Centre Hotel, U. S. A
    • Year and Date
      2007-11-14
  • [Presentation] イオン性プラズマプロセシングによる新機能性ナノカーボン創製2007

    • Author(s)
      畠山力三
    • Organizer
      第23回九州・山口プラズマ研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      九州大学
    • Year and Date
      2007-11-09
  • [Presentation] Effects of Sheath Electric Fields on the Formation of DNA Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes Using Micro Electrolyte Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      4th International Workshop on Microplasmas
    • Place of Presentation
      National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-28
  • [Presentation] Generation of Microplasmas on Ionic Liquids2007

    • Author(s)
      K. Baba
    • Organizer
      4th International Workshop on Microplasmas
    • Place of Presentation
      National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-28
  • [Presentation] Synthesis of Magnetic Metal Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes Using Arc Discharge Micro Plasmas in Liquid2007

    • Author(s)
      K. Uchida
    • Organizer
      4th International Workshop on Microplasmas
    • Place of Presentation
      National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-28
  • [Presentation] Formation of Ionic Liquids Encapsulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubi2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. Hirotsu
    • Organizer
      4th International Workshop on Microplasmas
    • Place of Presentation
      National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-28
  • [Presentation] Effects of Superimposed Parallel and Perpendicular Flow Velocity Shears on Drift-Wave Instabilities in Magnetized Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      17th International Toki Conference and 16th International Stellarator/Heliotron Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      Ceratopia Toki, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-17
  • [Presentation] Ionic Plasmas Yielding Novel-Structured and-Functional Nanocarbons2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      AVS 54th International Symposium & Exhibition
    • Place of Presentation
      Washington State Convention Center, USA
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-14
  • [Presentation] Effects of ions and radicals on the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes produced by diffusion-plasma CVD2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      AVS 54th International Symposium & Exhibition
    • Place of Presentation
      Washington State Convention Center, USA
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-14
  • [Presentation] Generation and Properties of Plasmas in Contact with Ionic Liquids2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      60th Gaseous Electronics Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      DoubleTree Hotel Crystal City, USA
    • Year and Date
      2007-10-02
  • [Presentation] Novel-Functional Nanocarbons Creation by Nanoscopic Plasma Processing2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      Handai Nanoscience and Nanotechnology International Symposium
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪大学
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-26
  • [Presentation] Effects of plasma surface conditions on the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes with diffusion plasma CVD2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      The Sixth Asian-European International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering
    • Place of Presentation
      "Umi No Mieru" Hotel, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-26
  • [Presentation] プラズマ基盤のナノカーボンナノスペース制御2007

    • Author(s)
      畠山力三
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第62回年次大会
    • Place of Presentation
      北海道大学
    • Year and Date
      2007-09-21
  • [Presentation] Gas-Atom Encapsulated Silicon Fullerenes Formed by Reactions of Rare-Gas Ions with Silicon Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyoto University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-30
  • [Presentation] Effects of Ionic Liquid Electrode on the Generation of Radio Frequency Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      K. Baba
    • Organizer
      18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyoto University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-30
  • [Presentation] Time evolution of single-walled carbon nanotube growth with diffusion plasma CVD2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kato
    • Organizer
      18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyoto University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-28
  • [Presentation] Encapsulation of Biomolecules into Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Electrolyte Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyoto University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-27
  • [Presentation] Effects of Plasma Ion Irradiation on Synthesis of Nitrogen Atom Encapsulated Fullerenes2007

    • Author(s)
      S. Nishigaki
    • Organizer
      18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry
    • Place of Presentation
      Kyoto University, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-27
  • [Presentation] Effects of Perpendicular Shear Superposition and Hybrid Ions Introduction on Parallel Velocity-Shear Driven Plasma Instabilities2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      Summer College on Plasma Physics
    • Place of Presentation
      Kastler Lecture Hall, Italy
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-20
  • [Presentation] Generation of Ionic Liquids Incorporated Discharge Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      2nd International Congress on Ionic Liquids
    • Place of Presentation
      Pacifico Yokohahma Conference Center, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-05
  • [Presentation] Transport Properties of p-n Junctions Created in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Fe Encapsulation2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      7th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology
    • Place of Presentation
      Convention & Exhibition Center, China
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-02
  • [Presentation] Resonance Tunneling Transistors Based on C_60 Encapsulated Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. F. Li
    • Organizer
      7th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology
    • Place of Presentation
      Convention & Exhibition Center, China
    • Year and Date
      2007-08-02
  • [Presentation] Novel-Structured Carbon Nanotubes Creation by Nanoscopic Plasma Control2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      28th International Conference on Phenomana in Ionized Gases
    • Place of Presentation
      Congress Centre of the Top Hotel Prague, Czech Republic
    • Year and Date
      2007-07-15
  • [Presentation] Generation and Characteristics of RF Discharge Plasmas in Contact with Ionic Liquids under Low Gas Pressure2007

    • Author(s)
      K. Baba
    • Organizer
      28th International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases
    • Place of Presentation
      Congress Centre of the Top Hotel Prague, Czech Republic
    • Year and Date
      2007-07-15
  • [Presentation] Efficient Formation of Carbon Nanowalls Using Helicon Wave Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      8th International Conference on the Science and Application of Nanotubes
    • Place of Presentation
      Parque Metalurgico Conference Center, Brazil
    • Year and Date
      2007-06-24
  • [Presentation] Observation of negative differential resistance in superlattice structure of C_60, C_70, and C_84 encapsulated double-walled carbon nanotubes2007

    • Author(s)
      Y. F. Li
    • Organizer
      8th International Conference on the Science and Application of Nanotubes
    • Place of Presentation
      Parque Metalurgico Conference Center, Brazil
    • Year and Date
      2007-06-24
  • [Presentation] Novel properties of magnetic-atom encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubes2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      8th International Conference on the Science and Application of Nanotubes
    • Place of Presentation
      Parque Metalurgico Conference Center, Brazil
    • Year and Date
      2007-06-24
  • [Presentation] Electronic transport properties of alkali-metal/halogen encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubes formed by plasma ionirradiation method2007

    • Author(s)
      J. Shishido
    • Organizer
      8th International Conference on the Science and Application of Nanotubes
    • Place of Presentation
      Parque Metalurgico Conference Center, Brazil
    • Year and Date
      2007-06-24
  • [Presentation] DNA Encapsulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Formed by DNA Ion Irradiation in Electrolyte Plasmas2007

    • Author(s)
      R. Hatakeyama
    • Organizer
      4th Annual Conference on Foundations of Nanoscience
    • Place of Presentation
      Snowbird Cliff Lodge, USA
    • Year and Date
      2007-04-18
  • [Presentation] Selective Synthesis of Nitrogen Encapsulated Fullerene and Azafullerene Using Plasma-Ion Irradiation Method2007

    • Author(s)
      T. Kaneko
    • Organizer
      4th Annual Conference on Foundations of Nanoscience
    • Place of Presentation
      Snowbird Cliff Lodge, USA
    • Year and Date
      2007-04-18
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] ヘテロフラーレン内包カーボンナノチューブを用いた電子デバイス2007

    • Inventor(s)
      金子俊郎
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      株式会社イデアルスター
    • Industrial Property Number
      特願2007-181340
    • Filing Date
      2007-07-10

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Published: 2010-06-11   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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