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2008 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

言語学習における学習方略の自己生成プロセス

Research Project

Project/Area Number 18300089
Research InstitutionKeio University

Principal Investigator

今井 むつみ  Keio University, 環境情報学部, 教授 (60255601)

Keywords認知心理学 / 言語発達 / 語彙学習 / 語意推論 / 異言語比較
Research Abstract

本研究は、乳幼児において観察される効果的な諸彙の学習にみられる柔軟かつ自己生成的な学習過程が具体的にどのような内部メカニズムによって産み出されてくるかを解明することを目的とする。具体的には語彙が爆発的に増えていく2歳から5歳までの幼児期に子どもは動詞と名詞をどのようなメカニズムで学習しているのか、それらの学習においてどういう側面が言語普遍的でどういう側面がどの程度インプット言語に特化したものなのか、またそこにおいて語意学習バイアスは用いられているのかという問題を検討した。日本語、中国語、英語を母語とする3歳児と5歳児に、人が新奇な物体に対して新奇な動作をしているビデオを見せ、新奇な名詞あるいは動詞を提示して、子どもが名詞の場合には物体の同一性にのみ注目し、動詞の場合には動作の同一性にのみ注目して名詞、動詞の汎用が行えるのか、そこにおいて母語の言語の影響があるのかを検討した。物体に注目した汎用はどの言語の話者も可能だが、動作に注目した汎用は5歳になるまでできなかった。また、動詞に屈折変化がなく、形態的に動詞と名詞の区別がない中国語を母語とする中国語児は特に動詞の汎用が難しかった。このことは言語普遍的に動詞学習が名詞学習よりも難しいこと、言語の構造的性質が動詞学習に影響を及ぼすことを示す。この知見はChild Development誌に掲載された。さらに幼児はどのような手がかりを使って動詞語意推論をしているのかを検討する実験を行った。結果、モノにおける類似性を手がかりに動作の類似性に注目していき、徐々にモノを変数として動詞にとってより重要である動作様態や結果が重要であることに気づいていくという知見が得られた。

  • Research Products

    (25 results)

All 2009 2008 Other

All Journal Article (6 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 6 results) Presentation (15 results) Book (4 results)

  • [Journal Article] Sound symbolism facilitates early verb learning2008

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M.
    • Journal Title

      Cognition 109

      Pages: 54-65

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Novel noun and verb learning in Chinese-, English-, and Japanese-speaking children2008

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M.
    • Journal Title

      Child Development 79

      Pages: 979-1000

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Fast-mapping and reorganization : Development of verb meanings as asystem. In the Proceedings of the 30^<th> Annual Cognitive Science Society Meeting2008

    • Author(s)
      Saji, N.
    • Journal Title

      Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum

      Pages: 35-40

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Children's use of argument structure, meta-knowledge of the lexicon, and extra-linguistic contextual cues in inferring meanings of novel verbs. In S. Muller (Eds. ), The Proceedings of HPSG08 conference2008

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M
    • Journal Title

      Palo Alto, USA : CSLI publications.

      Pages: 417-435

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Talking about Walking : Biomechanics and the Language of Locomotion2008

    • Author(s)
      Malt, B.
    • Journal Title

      Psychological Science 19

      Pages: 232-240

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 特集「対称性」へのコメンタリー : 言語の成立にとって対称性はたまごかにわとりか2008

    • Author(s)
      今井むつみ
    • Journal Title

      認知科学 15

      Pages: 470-481

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Sound symbolusm fosters early verb leaning in Japanese-and English-speaking children2009

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M.
    • Organizer
      Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of Society for Research in Child Development
    • Place of Presentation
      Denver, Colorado, USA
    • Year and Date
      20090400
  • [Presentation] Word learning does not end at fast-mapping : Delineating verb mailingsamong neighboring words in a complex semantic domain2009

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M.
    • Organizer
      Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of Society for Research in Child Development
    • Place of Presentation
      Denver, Colorado, USA
    • Year and Date
      20090400
  • [Presentation] Object similarity foster novel verb generalization in young children2009

    • Author(s)
      Haryu, E.
    • Organizer
      Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of Society for Research in Child Development
    • Place of Presentation
      Denver, Colorado, USA
    • Year and Date
      20090400
  • [Presentation] Role of sound symbolism in language evolution and language development : implications from a child corpus study and a brain imaging study2009

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M
    • Organizer
      Invited talk given at the workshop “Universals of sound-symbolism. " Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
    • Place of Presentation
      Nijmegen, The Netherland(招待講演)
    • Year and Date
      20090200
  • [Presentation] Some methodological explorations for uncovering universal sound symbolism in the motion domain2009

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M
    • Organizer
      Invited talk given at the workshop “Universals of sound-symbolism. " Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
    • Place of Presentation
      Nijmegen, The Netherland(招待講演)
    • Year and Date
      20090200
  • [Presentation] 子どもはどのようにレキシコンを構築するのか : 即時マツピングと意味の再編成2009

    • Author(s)
      今井むつみ
    • Organizer
      北海道大学GCOE講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      北海道大学(招待講演)
    • Year and Date
      20090100
  • [Presentation] From object-based category to manner-based category : Developmental trajectory of children's verb learning2009

    • Author(s)
      佐治伸郎
    • Organizer
      Poster presented at the Biennial Meeting of Society for Research in Child Development
    • Place of Presentation
      Denver, Colorado, USA
    • Year and Date
      2009-04-04
  • [Presentation] Sound iconicity bootstraps verb meaning acquisition2008

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M
    • Organizer
      Talk give for the “Colloquium on Language Development and Cognition" at Bangor University
    • Place of Presentation
      Bangor, UK
    • Year and Date
      20081100
  • [Presentation] Fast-mapping and reorganization : Development of verb meaningsas a system2008

    • Author(s)
      Saji, N.
    • Organizer
      Paper presented at the 30^<th> Anuual Cognitive Science Society Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Washington DC, USA
    • Year and Date
      20080700
  • [Presentation] SHE has a long neck and HE has big ears : How grammatical gender affects the concepts of animals2008

    • Author(s)
      Schalk, L.
    • Organizer
      Paper presented at the 29th International Congress of Psychology (ICP)
    • Place of Presentation
      Berlin, Germany
    • Year and Date
      20080700
  • [Presentation] Acquisition of universal and language specific sound symbolism2008

    • Author(s)
      Kantartzis, K.
    • Organizer
      A poster presented at the 11th International Congress for the Study of Child Language
    • Place of Presentation
      Edinburgh, UK
    • Year and Date
      20080700
  • [Presentation] 擬態語は前言語(プロト・ランゲージ)か? : 脳機能イメージング研究からの示唆2008

    • Author(s)
      荒田真実子
    • Organizer
      日本認知言語学会第9回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋大学
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-14
  • [Presentation] 擬態語の意味処理に関わる神経基盤-fMRIによる検討2008

    • Author(s)
      荒田真実子
    • Organizer
      日本認知科学会第25回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      同志社大学
    • Year and Date
      2008-09-05
  • [Presentation] Children's use argument structure, meta-knowledge of the lexicon, and extra-linguistic contextual cues in inferring meanings of novel verbs2008

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M
    • Organizer
      Invited lecture given at the 15th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase structure Grammar
    • Place of Presentation
      Keihanna, Japan(招待講演)
    • Year and Date
      2008-07-30
  • [Presentation] Expressing motion events through mimetics : An alternative way of motion lexicalization in Japanese2008

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M
    • Organizer
      Invited paper presented a workshop Human locomotion across languages
    • Place of Presentation
      Nejimegen, the Netherland(招待講演)
    • Year and Date
      2008-06-06
  • [Book] こころとことば : 進化と認知科学のアプローチ2008

    • Author(s)
      今井むつみ
    • Total Pages
      191-210
    • Publisher
      東京大学出版会
  • [Book] 脳科学と哲学の出会い : 脳・生命・心2008

    • Author(s)
      今井むつみ
    • Total Pages
      42-57
    • Publisher
      玉川大学出版部
  • [Book] Categories in mind and categories in language : Are classifier categories reflection of the mind? In B. Malt & P. Wolff (Eds. ), Words and the world : How words capture human experience

    • Author(s)
      Imai, M.
    • Publisher
      New York : Oxford University Press(印刷中)
  • [Book] Lexical ization Patterns and the World-to-Words Mapping. In B. Malt & p. Wolff (Eds. ), Words and the world : How words capture human expenence

    • Author(s)
      Malt, B.
    • Publisher
      New York : Oxford University Press(印刷中)

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Published: 2010-06-11   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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