| Research Abstract |
We developed a sensitive analytical method and an efficient clean-up method to quantify 3,6-dinitrobenzo[e]pyrene (DNBeP) in surface soil and airborne particles. After purification using a silica gel column and two reversed-phase columns, 3,6-DNBeP was reduced to 3,6-diaminobenzo[e]pyrene by a catalyst column and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector 3,6-DNBeP was detected in all the soil samples and airborne particles examined. The concentration of 3,6-DNBeP in surface soil and airborne particles was determined in the ranges of 347-5007 pg/g of soil and 137-1238 fg/m^3, respectively.
To identify major mutagens in surface soil in Kyoto, a soil sample was collected at a site where soil contamination with mutagens was severe and continual. The soil extract, which showed potent mutagenicity in TA98 without S9 mix, was fractionated by diverse column chromatography methods. Five major mutagenic constituents were isolated and identified to be 1,6-dinitropyrene (DNP), 1,8-DNP, 1,3,6-trinitropyrene (TNP), 3,9-dinitrofluoranthene (DNF), and 3,6-DNBeP by co-chromatography using high performance liquid chromatography and spectral analysis. Contribution ratios of these nitroarenes were from 3 to 10%. These nitroarenes were detected in surface soil samples collected from four residential sites, Takatsuki and Izumiotsu in Osaka prefecture and Nagoya and Hekinan in Aichi prefecture. 1,6-DNP, 1,8-DNP, 1,3,6-TNP, 3,9-DNF, and 3,6-DNBeP may be major mutagenic constituents that contaminate surface soil Kyoto and other residential areas.
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