2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
The counterbalancing forces underlying polarity-coupled epithelial cell height control prior to and during epithelial folding
| Project/Area Number |
18H02441
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 44010:Cell biology-related
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| Research Institution | Institute of Physical and Chemical Research |
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Principal Investigator |
Wang Yu-Chiun 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 生命機能科学研究センター, チームリーダー (80725995)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
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| Keywords | microtubule forces / epithelial cell shape / CAMSAP/Patronin / optogenetics |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Epithelial folding is an out-of-plane deformation process resulting from transient imbalance of cellular and tissue forces. The dorsal folds that form during Drosophila gastrulation are initiated by basal shifts of cell polarity leading to cell shortening for the eventual deformation of the tissue. Our recently published work showed that cell shortening depends on the redistribution of a cortical microtubule network that is anchored apically by the CAMSAP protein Patronin in response to the polarity shifts. During this granting period, we established a robust set of imaging probes that can be used to investigate dorsal fold mechanics, employed optogenetic tools to manipulate morphogenetic forces, identified α-Spectrin as a candidate that confers membrane elasticity during apical dome decent, and constructed a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model for simulation of disorder microtubule network with membrane tethers through collaboration with the Shibata lab at RIKEN BDR.
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| Free Research Field |
Cell biology
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
Proper cell shapes are crucial for effective execution of cellular functions. Transmission of neuronal signals requires elongated cells, while gas exchange in the lung need flat cells. Revealing mechanics underlying cell shape can elucidate how cells acquire their physiological functions.
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