多波長広域探査で解き明かす銀河と超巨大ブラックホールの共進化の物理

2020 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 18J01050
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: 鳥羽 儀樹 京都大学, 理学研究科, 研究員
• Project Period (FY): 2018-04-25 – 2021-03-31
• Keywords: 超巨大ブラックホール / 活動銀河核ダストトーラス / 赤外線天文衛星「あかり」 / すばるHSC / eROSITA衛星

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

超巨大ブラックホールと母銀河の共進化を司る物理を探るために、本年度は下記に述べる３つの研究成果を得た。
(1) 共進化における超巨大ブラックホールおよびその母銀河が最大成長期に対応すると期待される可視光線で「見えない」赤外線銀河の系統的探査を行なった。日本の赤外線天文衛星「あかり」で重点的に観測された天域に着目し、583個という史上最大数の候補を発見した (Toba et al. 2020c, The Astrophysical Journal に出版済み)。
(2) 共進化を理解する上での重要な要素の１つに超巨大ブラックホールを取り巻くダストトーラスがあ
る。本研究では、中心核からの輻射圧で駆動される “polar dust” がダストトーラスの構造を司る要因の１つとして重要であること示した。3 万天体以上の活動銀河核をサンプルに polar dust を組み込んだ先駆的なスペクトルエネルギー分布解析を通した統計的な手法による研究成果である (Toba et al. 2021a, The Astrophysical Journal に受理済み・出版は令和3年度)。
(3) 我々が探査を進めている赤外線で極めて明るい (赤外線光度が太陽の10^14倍） 銀河のX 線の性質を2019 年に打ち上がったeROSITA衛星のチーム内公開データを用いて調べた。日本の「すばる」望遠鏡に搭載されたHyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) チームとの国際共同研究であり、HSC-ROSITA 活動銀河核国際研究チームとして初めての科学論文である （Toba et al. 2021b, Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters に受理済み・出版は令和3年度）。

Research Progress Status

令和2年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和2年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] 中央研究院天文及天文物理研究 所 (ASIAA)/国立清華大学 (NTHU)(台湾)
  • Country Name: 台湾
  • Counterpart Institution: 中央研究院天文及天文物理研究 所 (ASIAA)/国立清華大学 (NTHU)
• [Int'l Joint Research] マックス・プランク地球外物理 学研究所 (MPE)(ドイツ)
  • Country Name: GERMANY
  • Counterpart Institution: マックス・プランク地球外物理 学研究所 (MPE)
• [Int'l Joint Research] プリンストン大学(米国)
  • Country Name: U.S.A.
  • Counterpart Institution: プリンストン大学
• [Int'l Joint Research] サウサンプトン大学(英国)
  • Country Name: UNITED KINGDOM
  • Counterpart Institution: サウサンプトン大学
• [Int'l Joint Research] ディエゴ・ポルタレス大学(チリ)
  • Country Name: CHILE
  • Counterpart Institution: ディエゴ・ポルタレス大学
• [Journal Article] The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS). An X-ray-bright, extremely luminous infrared galaxy at z = 1.87 (2021)
  • Author(s): Toba Yoshiki、Brusa Marcella、Liu Teng、Buchner Johannes、Terashima Yuichi、Urrutia Tanya、Salvato Mara、Akiyama Masayuki、Arcodia Riccardo、Goulding Andy D.、Higuchi Yuichi、Inoue Kaiki T.、Kawaguchi Toshihiro、Lamer Georg、Merloni Andrea、Nagao Tohru、Ueda Yoshihiro、Nandra Kirpal
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 649 Pages: L11 (1-9)
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140317
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] How Does the Polar Dust Affect the Correlation between Dust Covering Factor and Eddington Ratio in Type 1 Quasars Selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16? (2021)
  • Author(s): Toba Yoshiki、Ueda Yoshihiro、Gandhi Poshak、Ricci Claudio、Burgarella Denis、Buat Veronique、Nagao Tohru、Oyabu Shinki、Matsuhara Hideo、Hsieh Bau-Ching
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 912 Pages: 91～105
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abe94a
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Revisiting the Color-Color Selection: Submillimeter and AGN Properties of NUV-r-J Selected Quiescent Galaxies (2021)
  • Author(s): Hwang Yu-Hsuan, Wang Wei-Hao, Chang Yu-Yen, ..., Toba Yoshiki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: － Pages: －
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Photometric redshifts in the North Ecliptic Pole Wide field based on a deep optical survey with Hyper Suprime-Cam (2021)
  • Author(s): Ho Simon C-C、Goto Tomotsugu、Oi Nagisa、Kim Seong Jin、Malkan Matthew A、Pollo Agnieszka、Hashimoto Tetsuya、Toba Yoshiki、Kim Helen K、Hwang Ho Seong、Shim Hyunjin、Huang Ting-Chi、Kim Eunbin、Wang Ting-Wen、Santos Daryl Joe D、Matsuhara Hideo
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 502 Pages: 140～156
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3549
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution in Moderately Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei at z ~ 1.4 in SXDF (2021)
  • Author(s): Setoguchi Kenta、Ueda Yoshihiro、Toba Yoshiki、Akiyama Masayuki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 909 Pages: 188～193
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abdf55
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XII. Extended [C ii] Structure (Merger or Outflow) in a z = 6.72 Red Quasar (2021)
  • Author(s): Izumi Takuma、Onoue Masafusa、Matsuoka Yoshiki、Strauss Michael A.、Fujimoto Seiji、Umehata Hideki、Imanishi Masatoshi、Kawamuro Taiki、Nagao Tohru、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 908 Pages: 235～244
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd7ef
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Subaru/HSC deep optical imaging of infrared sources in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole-Wide field (2020)
  • Author(s): Oi Nagisa、Goto Tomotsugu、Matsuhara Hideo、Utsumi Yousuke、Momose Rieko、Toba Yoshoki、Malkan Matthew、Takagi Toshinobu、Huang Ting-Chi、Kim Seong Jin、Ohyama Youichi
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 500 Pages: 5024～5042
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3080
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Identification of AKARI infrared sources by the Deep HSC Optical Survey: construction of a new band-merged catalogue in the North Ecliptic Pole Wide field (2020)
  • Author(s): Kim Seong Jin、Oi Nagisa、Goto Tomotsugu、Ikeda Hiroyuki、Ho Simon C-C、Shim Hyunjin、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 500 Pages: 4078～4094
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3359
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Tracing the evolution of dust-obscured activity using sub-millimetre galaxy populations from STUDIES and AS2UDS (2020)
  • Author(s): Dudzeviciute U、Smail Ian、Swinbank A M、Lim C-F、Wang W-H、Simpson J M、Ao Y、Chapman S C、Chen C-C、Clements D、Dannerbauer H、Ho L C、Hwang H S、Koprowski M、Lee C-H、Scott D、Shim H、Shirley R、Toba Y
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 500 Pages: 942～961
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3285
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Extinction-free Census of AGNs in the AKARI/IRC North Ecliptic Pole Field from 23-band infrared photometry from Space Telescopes (2020)
  • Author(s): Wang Ting-Wen、Goto Tomotsugu、Kim Seong Jin、Hashimoto Tetsuya、Burgarella Denis、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 499 Pages: 4068～4081
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa2988
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] NuSTAR Non-detection of a Faint Active Galactic Nucleus in an Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy with Kpc-scale Fast Wind (2020)
  • Author(s): Chen Xiaoyang、Ichikawa Kohei、Noda Hirofumi、Kawamuro Taiki、Kawaguchi Toshihiro、Toba Yoshiki、Akiyama Masayuki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 905 Pages: 2～7
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abca30
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The Faint End of the Quasar Luminosity Function at z ~ 5 from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey (2020)
  • Author(s): Niida Mana、Nagao Tohru、Ikeda Hiroyuki、Akiyama Masayuki、Matsuoka Yoshiki、He Wanqiu、Matsuoka Kenta、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 904 Pages: 89～102
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abbe11
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] NEPSC2, the North Ecliptic Pole SCUBA-2 survey: 850-μm map and catalogue of 850-μm-selected sources over 2 deg2 (2020)
  • Author(s): Shim Hyunjin、Kim Yeonsik、Lee Dongseob、...、Toba Yoshiki、White Glenn
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 498 Pages: 5065～5079
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa2621
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Subaru High-zExploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XI. Proximity Zone Analysis for Faint Quasar Spectra at z ~ 6 (2020)
  • Author(s): Ishimoto Rikako、Kashikawa Nobunari、Onoue Masafusa、Matsuoka Yoshiki、Izumi Takuma、Strauss Michael A.、Fujimoto Seiji、Imanishi Masatoshi、Ito Kei、Iwasawa Kazushi、Kawaguchi Toshihiro、Lee Chien-Hsiu、Liang Yongming、Lu Ting-Yi、Momose Rieko、Toba Yoshiki、Uchiyama Hisakazu
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 903 Pages: 60～70
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb80b
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). IX. Identification of two red quasars at z > 5.6 (2020)
  • Author(s): Kato Nanako、Matsuoka Yoshiki、Onoue Masafusa、Koyama Shuhei、Toba Yoshiki、Akiyama Masayuki、Fujimoto Seiji、Imanishi Masatoshi、Iwasawa Kazushi、Izumi Takuma、Kashikawa Nobunari、Kawaguchi Toshihiro、Lee Chien-Hsiu、Minezaki Takeo、Nagao Tohru、Noboriguchi Akatoki、Strauss Michael A
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 72 Pages: 84 (1-14)
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psaa074
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam view of quasar host galaxies at z < 1 (2020)
  • Author(s): Ishino Toru、Matsuoka Yoshiki、Koyama Shuhei、Saeda Yuya、Strauss Michael A、Goulding Andy D、Imanishi Masatoshi、Kawaguchi Toshihiro、Minezaki Takeo、Nagao Tohru、Noboriguchi Akatoki、Schramm Malte、Silverman John D、Taniguchi Yoshiaki、Toba Yoshiki
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 72 Pages: 83 (1-16)
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psaa072
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] CFHT MegaPrime/MegaCam u-band source catalogue of the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide field (2020)
  • Author(s): Huang Ting-Chi、Matsuhara Hideo、Goto Tomotsugu、Shim Hyunjin、Kim Seong Jin、Malkan Matthew A、Hashimoto Tetsuya、Hwang Ho Seong、Oi Nagisa、Toba Yoshiki、Lee Dongseob、Santos Daryl Joe D、Takagi Toshinobu
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 498 Pages: 609～620
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa2459
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Tracing the Coevolution Path of Supermassive Black Holes and Spheroids with AKARI-selected Ultraluminous IR Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts (2020)
  • Author(s): Chen Xiaoyang、Akiyama Masayuki、Ichikawa Kohei、Noda Hirofumi、Toba Yoshiki、Yamamura Issei、Kawaguchi Toshihiro、Abdurro'uf、Kokubo Mitsuru
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 900 Pages: 51～78
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aba599
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] A high redshift population of galaxies at the North Ecliptic Pole (2020)
  • Author(s): Barrufet L.、Pearson C.、Serjeant S.、Malek K.、Baronchelli I.、Campos-Varillas M. C.、White G. J.、Valtchanov I.、Matsuhara H.、Conversi L.、Kim S. J.、Goto T.、Oi N.、Malkan M.、Kim H.、Ikeda H.、Takagi T.、Toba Y.、Miyaji T.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume: 641 Pages: 129～144
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202037838
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Properties of the environment around active galactic nucleus / luminous galaxy pairs through the HSC wide survey (2020)
  • Author(s): Shirasaki Yuji、Akiyama Masayuki、Toba Yoshiki、He Wanqiu、Goto Tomotsugu
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 72 Pages: 60 (1-26)
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psaa037
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Dual Supermassive Black Holes at Close Separation Revealed by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (2020)
  • Author(s): Silverman John D.、Tang Shenli、Lee Khee-Gan、...、Toba Yoshiki、Ueda Yoshihiro、Yasuda Naoki
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 899 Pages: 154～165
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aba4a3
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Search for Optically Dark Infrared Galaxies without Counterparts of Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey Field (2020)
  • Author(s): Toba Yoshiki、Goto Tomotsugu、Oi Nagisa、Wang Ting-Wen、Kim Seong Jin、et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 899 Pages: 35～47
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab9cb7
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). III. Discovery of a z = 4.72 Radio Galaxy with the Lyman Break Technique (2020)
  • Author(s): Yamashita Takuji、Nagao Tohru、Ikeda Hiroyuki、Toba Yoshiki、Kajisawa Masaru、Ono Yoshiaki、Tanaka Masayuki、Akiyama Masayuki、Harikane Yuichi、Ichikawa Kohei、Kawaguchi Toshihiro、Kawamuro Taiki、Kohno Kotaro、Lee Chien-Hsiu、Lee Kianhong、Matsuoka Yoshiki、Niida Mana、Ogura Kazuyuki、Onoue Masafusa、Uchiyama Hisakazu
  • Journal Title: The Astronomical Journal Volume: 160 Pages: 60～68
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab98fe
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Nature of Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in “Nonmerging” Luminous Infrared Galaxies UGC 2608 and NGC 5135 Revealed with Broadband X-Ray Spectroscopy (2020)
  • Author(s): Yamada Satoshi、Ueda Yoshihiro、Tanimoto Atsushi、Oda Saeko、Imanishi Masatoshi、Toba Yoshiki、Ricci Claudio
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 897 Pages: 107～117
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab94b1
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES). IV. Spatial Clustering and Halo Masses of Submillimeter Galaxies (2020)
  • Author(s): Lim Chen-Fatt、Chen Chian-Chou、Smail Ian、Wang Wei-Hao、Tee Wei-Leong、Lin Yen-Ting、Scott Douglas、Toba Yoshiki、et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 895 Pages: 104～121
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab8eaf
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] A machine learning software to estimate morphological parameters of distant galaxies (2020)
  • Author(s): Umayahara Takuya、Shibuya Takatoshi、Miura Noriaki、Chang Yu-Yen、Fujimoto Seiji、Harikane Yuichi、Higuchi Ryo、Inoue Shigeki、Kojima Takashi、Tadaki Ken-ichi、Toba Yoshiki
  • Journal Title: Proceedings of the SPIE Volume: 11452 Pages: 11452 (23-29)
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2561264
• [Presentation] G-REXで探る dust-obscured galaxies/AGNs (2021)
  • Author(s): 鳥羽儀樹
  • Organizer: G-REX (+中間赤外高分散分光) サイエンス検討会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Search for Optically Dark Infrared Galaxies without Counterparts of Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey Field (2021)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba, Tomotsugu Goto, Nagisa Oi, Ting-Wen Wang Seong Jin Kim, Simon C.-C. Ho, and the AKARI-NEP team
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会 春季年会
• [Presentation] Initial results from Subaru/HSC-eROSITA AGN collaboration (2021)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba, HSC-eROSITA AGN collaboration
  • Organizer: Subaru Users Meeting FY2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] eROSITA view of an extremely luminous infrared galaxy at z = 1.87 (2021)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba, Marcella Brusa, Teng Liu, Johannes Buchner, Yuichi Terashima, Tanya Urrutia, Mara Salvato, and eROSITA-HSC AGN collaboration
  • Organizer: Galaxy Evolution Workshop 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] How does the polar dust affect the dust covering factor of AGNs? (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba, Yoshihiro Ueda, Poshak Gandhi, Claudio Ricci, Denis Burgarella, Veronique Buat, Tohru Nagao, Shinki Oyabu, Hideo Matsuhara, Bau-Ching Hsieh
  • Organizer: Probing the Extragalactic Universe with High Energy and Very High Energy Sources, NECO online workshop
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] How does the polar dust affect the dust covering factor of AGNs? ~Application of X-CIGALE to SDSS quasars~ (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba, Yoshihiro Ueda, Poshak Gandhi, Claudio Ricci, Denis Burgarella, Veronique Buat, Tohru Nagao, Shinki Oyabu, Hideo Matsuhara, Bau-Ching Hsieh
  • Organizer: NEP Conference 2020
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Dust properties of optically dark IR galaxies without counterparts of Subaru HSC in the AKARI NEP field (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba, Tomotsugu Goto, Nagisa Oi, Ting-Wen Wang Seong Jin Kim, Simon C.-C. Ho, and the AKARI-NEP team
  • Organizer: DUST2020 in Marseille
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Search for optically `invisible’ galaxies in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Field (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba
  • Organizer: ISAS Astrophysics Colloquia
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] SOFIA View of an Extremely Luminous Infrared Galaxy: WISE 1013+6112 (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba, Wei-Hao Wang, Tohru Nagao, Yoshihiro Ueda, Junko Ueda, Chen-Fatt Lim, Yu-Yen Chang, Toshiki Saito, Ryohei Kawabe
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会 秋季年会
• [Presentation] Report on AGN joint HSC-eROSITA science programs (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba
  • Organizer: German eROSITA Virtual Consortium meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] HSC AGN WG update (2020)
  • Author(s): Yoshiki Toba
  • Organizer: Joint XXL-HSC meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited