The comparative legal study of the dual-functional the Councils of State in Europe: The perspective of Separation of powers and Guarantee of human rights

2020 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 18K01256
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 05020:Public law-related
• Research Institution: Seijo University (2019-2020); Komazawa University (2018)
• Principal Investigator: Okumura Kosuke 成城大学, 法学部, 准教授 (40551495)
• Project Period (FY): 2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Keywords: 二重機能型国務院 / フランス国務院 / ベルギー国務院 / オランダ国務院 / イタリア国務院

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Firstly, to clarify the organizations and powers of the Councils of State in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy, which have the legislative advisory function and the supreme administrative justice function, I examined the laws relating to the Councils of State in the four countries and translated them. In particular, I analyzed the quality of the members of the Councils of State. For France, I examined the interaction between the advisory function of the Council of State and the constitutional compatibility control of the Constitutional Court.
Secondly, in dual-functional Council of State, it's possible that those involved in the examination of draft laws in the advisory function may examine legality of those laws in the administrative courts. Although this may violate article 6 of European Convention on Human Rights, I examined the judgments of European Court of Human Rights and found that Councils of State in the four countries have taken into account the judgments of ECHR.

Free Research Field

憲法学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

従来の日本の公法学において、フランスの国務院の諮問機能及び最高行政裁判機能については検討されてきたが、本研究は、フランスと多少の異同はあれども二重機能を有するベルギー・オランダ・イタリアの国務院をも検討対象とするものであり、4か国の二重機能型国務院を比較検討した点において大きな学術的意義を有する。特に、「独立の公平な裁判所による裁判を受ける権利」を保障する欧州人権条約6条の観点から4か国の二重機能型国務院の組織・権限を検討し、これを明らかにしたことは、日本の公法学への大きな貢献となる。