2020 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report
Genomic Profiling of Childhood Acute Leukemia in North of Iraq
| Project/Area Number |
18K07295
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| Research Institution | Shinshu University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
奥野 友介 名古屋大学, 医学部附属病院, 病院講師 (00725533)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
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| Keywords | FTA / ALL / NGS / RAS / Iraq / TCF3-PBX1 / AML |
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
Molecular analyses in hematological malignancies may provide information about the etiological factors in leukemogenesis. Since molecular analyses are not yet available in Iraq, we conceived of performing next-generation sequencing (NGS) to disclose the genomic landscape of Iraqi childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Since April 2018, bone marrow (BM) samples were collected from 122 Iraqi children with acute leukemia aged <18 years, however, 81 cases had paired BM samples (at diagnosis and remission) were eligible for NGS. A total of 66 patients had their results finalized, including 55 ALL and 11 AML cases. Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards were used to transfer the dried blood spot samples from Iraq to Shinshu University in Japan. We collaborated with 5 Iraqi pediatric oncology centers including, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok and Mosul from the north, along with Baghdad, and Basra from the south of Iraq. NGS analyses were done in Nagoya University. Our results showed that, among 49 B-ALL cases, TCF3-PBX1 was unprecedently recurrent fusion gene (22%) in Iraqi patients. Moreover, RAS pathway mutations were (45%), among highest reported frequency elsewhere, and they were significantly associated with high hyperdiploidy (10/12). RAS mutations were frequent in AML (27%) as well. We presented our data (virtually); in the 82nd Japanese Society of Hematology, (Oct. 2020), in the 52nd International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP), (Oct. 2020), and in the Middle Eastern Association for Cancer Research (MEACR), in Qatar (Dec. 2020).
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